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Guided bone regeneration in calvarial critical size bony defect using a double-layer resorbable collagen membrane covering a xenograft: a histological and histomorphometric study in rats

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Abstract

Purpose

The aim of the present study was to evaluate histologically and histomorphometrically the bone regeneration in critical size calvarial defects in rats grafted with either a deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) alone or in combination with a single or double layer of native bilayer collagen membrane (NBCM). The secondary objective was to evaluate histologically and histomorphometrically the residual DBBM in these defects.

Material and methods

Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into two groups: a control group of 16 rats with two critical size calvarial defects (CSD) of 5 mm performed each on either side of the median sagittal suture, where the frontal defect remained without any filling (negative control), while the occipital defect (positive control) was filled with DBBM; and then a test group of 16 rats, with two CSD filled with DBBM and covered by either a single (SM) or a double layer (DM) of NBCM. The animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks.

Results

At 1 month, the histological and histomorphometric analysis showed new bone formation (NBF) in the defects that received only DBBM, DBBM+DM, and DBBM+SM (11.5, 17.3, and 22.7%, respectively), while the negative control defects showed only 0.4% of new bone formation. At 2 months, the histological and histomorphometric analysis showed NBF in the defects that received only DBBM, DBBM+DM, and DBBM+SM (16.8, 24.5, and 37%, respectively), while the negative control defects showed only 0.9% of new bone formation. The residual xenogeneic material (RXM) was higher in defects covered by SM (30.2% at 1 month and 25.3% at 2 months) or DM (32.5% at 1 month and 28.5% at 2 months) compared with defects that were not covered by membranes (15.3% at 1 month and 9.4% at 2 months).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that GBR with a xenogeneic material in rat calvarial (CSD) of 5 mm requires the application of resorbable collagen membranes in either single or double layer, and a single layer alone is sufficient to promote this regeneration.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Mr. Charbel Mansour for his technical assistance in the preparation of the histological sections and Dr. Nada Osta for her statistical advice and analysis.

Funding

This study was funded by Geistlich Pharma AG (FMD94).

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Correspondence to Roy Abou Fadel.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of the animals were followed. All procedures performed on animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of the research committee at Saint Joseph University.

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This study does not involve human participants, consent not available.

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Abou Fadel, R., Samarani, R. & Chakar, C. Guided bone regeneration in calvarial critical size bony defect using a double-layer resorbable collagen membrane covering a xenograft: a histological and histomorphometric study in rats. Oral Maxillofac Surg 22, 203–213 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-018-0694-x

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