Abstract
The "El Chichón" crater-lake in Mexico is a thermo-acidic environment whose microorganisms have been scarcely studied. In this study, we surveyed the prokaryotic communities by amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene considering samples of sediment and water collected within a pH/temperature gradient (pH 1.9–5.1, 38–89 °C). Further, we interpreted these results within a physicochemical context. The composition of the microbial assemblage differed significantly between the sediments and water. Sediment communities were different in the site with the highest temperature and lower pH value compared to the other ones sampled, while those in the water were relatively similar at all points. Most of the genera found were related to Alicyclobacillus, Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Mesoaciditoga, Methanothermobacter, Desulfitobacterium, Therminicanus, Kyrpidia, Paenibacillus, Thermoanaerobacterium, and Gelria. Some of these genera are known by their thermo-acidic tolerant capacities with flexible metabolisms to use diverse electron donor/acceptors (S or Fe), while others are thermo(acid)philes that mainly occur in the most extreme sites of the lake. These results show the presence of a microbial community adapted to the changing conditions of a very dynamic crater-lake, that include chemoorganotrophs and chemolithotrophs.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Olivia Zamora-Martínez, for her valuable technical support in the analyses of anions and cations by Ion chromatography and T. Pi-Puig for X-Ray Diffraction analyses. We also acknowledge the infrastructure of the National Laboratory "Laboratorio Nacional de Geoquímica y Mineralogía", LANGEM.
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This work was supported by UNAM-PAPIIT IN121420. Project ‘CB-2015- 253281’ ‘Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología’ (CONACyT, Mexico) and Project No. 8216.20-P ‘Tecnológico Nacional de Mexico’ (TecNM, México) I.O V.-R received grant-aided support from CONACyT (766230).
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Velázquez-Ríos, I.O., Rincón-Rosales, R., Gutiérrez-Miceli, F.A. et al. Prokaryotic diversity across a pH gradient in the “El Chichón” crater-lake: a naturally thermo-acidic environment. Extremophiles 26, 8 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-022-01257-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-022-01257-0