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Microbial diversity and adaptation to high hydrostatic pressure in deep-sea hydrothermal vents prokaryotes

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Abstract

Prokaryotes inhabiting in the deep sea vent ecosystem will thus experience harsh conditions of temperature, pH, salinity or high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) stress. Among the fifty-two piezophilic and piezotolerant prokaryotes isolated so far from different deep-sea environments, only fifteen (four Bacteria and eleven Archaea) that are true hyper/thermophiles and piezophiles have been isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents; these belong mainly to the Thermococcales order. Different strategies are used by microorganisms to thrive in deep-sea hydrothermal vents in which “extreme” physico-chemical conditions prevail and where non-adapted organisms cannot live, or even survive. HHP is known to impact the structure of several cellular components and functions, such as membrane fluidity, protein activity and structure. Physically the impact of pressure resembles a lowering of temperature, since it reinforces the structure of certain molecules, such as membrane lipids, and an increase in temperature, since it will also destabilize other structures, such as proteins. However, universal molecular signatures of HHP adaptation are not yet known and are still to be deciphered.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-10-BLAN-1725 01-Living deep). We are indebted to Helen McCombie [Bureau de Traduction de l’Université (BTU), Université de Bretagne Occidentale-Brest] for helpful language improvement.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6197-Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes (LM2E), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Rue Dumont d’Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France

    Mohamed Jebbar

  2. CNRS, UMR 6197-Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes (LM2E), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Rue Dumont d’Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France

    Mohamed Jebbar

  3. Ifremer, UMR 6197-Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes (LM2E), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, BP70, 29 280, Plouzané, France

    Mohamed Jebbar

  4. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IBS, 38027, Grenoble, France

    Bruno Franzetti & Eric Girard

  5. Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38027, Grenoble, France

    Bruno Franzetti & Eric Girard

  6. Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, IBS, 38027, Grenoble, France

    Bruno Franzetti & Eric Girard

  7. CNRS, UMR 5276, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France

    Philippe Oger

  8. Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes (UMR 6197), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Technopole Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d’Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France

    Mohamed Jebbar

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  1. Mohamed Jebbar
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  2. Bruno Franzetti
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  3. Eric Girard
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  4. Philippe Oger
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Correspondence to Mohamed Jebbar.

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Communicated by S. Albers.

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Jebbar, M., Franzetti, B., Girard, E. et al. Microbial diversity and adaptation to high hydrostatic pressure in deep-sea hydrothermal vents prokaryotes. Extremophiles 19, 721–740 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-015-0760-3

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