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Optical clearing agents based on metallic and dielectric nanoparticles for caries diagnostic by optical coherence tomography

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Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to assess the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles dispersed in glycerol or water, serving as optical clearing agents nanocolloids (OCAs-NC), for improving optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and highlighting incipient lesions in ex vivo human teeth.

Materials and methods

Twelve human teeth with incipient lesions were divided into seven groups according to the OCA-NC; they were subjected to G1 (air), G2 (glycerol), G3 (TiO2 0.1%), G4 (TiO2 0.01%), G5 (TiO2 0.001%), G6 (AgNO3 10%), and G7 (AgNO3 100%). The OCA-NC was applied to the occlusal surface, and two-dimensional images of the specimens were analyzed using OCT (930 nm central wavelength; 100 nm bandwidth; 5 mW output power; axial resolution of 7/5.3 μm in water and air, respectively; lateral resolution of 8 μm; and light penetration depth of 1.6 mm inside the sample).

Results

The findings demonstrated that the utilization of OCAs-NC containing metallic or dielectric nanoparticles (AgNO3 and TiO2) led to improved differentiation between sound and demineralized enamel on occlusal surfaces. Additionally, it enhanced the depth of image penetration when analyzing this hard tissue with OCT.

Clinical relevance

In the current context of minimally invasive dentistry, the use of OCAs-NC in conjunction with OCT can provide clinicians with early diagnosis, allowing for the determination of less/more invasive therapies and consequently halting the disease before cavitation of dental tissues occurs.

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Data availability

All data underlying the results are available as part of the article, and no additional source data is applicable.

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Funding

The work was supported by the CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel) for scholarship for VSMC, ELM, and JMM; the INCT-INFO (National Institutes of Science and Technology, Institute of Photonics) process 465.763/2014–6, supported by CNPq/MCTI (Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development and Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation); and the PRONEX program (Center of Excellence on Biophotonics and Nanophotonics), process APQ-0504–1.05/14, sponsored by FACEPE/CNPq (Foundation for Science and Technology of Pernambuco State and Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade de Pernambuco (PPGO-UPE), Recife, Brazil

    Vanda Sanderana Macedo Carneiro, Eloiza Leonardo de Melo, Nathalia Seimi Deama, Jéssica Meirinhos Miranda, Suzanne Ivila Santos da Rocha, Caio de Lima Pires & Marleny Elizabeth Márquez de Martínez Gerbi

  2. Dental School of Pernambuco, Universidade de Pernambuco Campus Arcoverde, Arcoverde, PE, Brazil

    Claudia Cristina Brainer de Oliveira Mota

  3. Dental School, Centro Universitário Tabosa de Almeida, Caruaru, PE, Brazil

    Claudia Cristina Brainer de Oliveira Mota

  4. Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil

    Evair Josino da Silva & Anderson Stevens Leonidas Gomes

  5. Graduate Program in Materials Science, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil

    Andréa Ferreira da Silva

  6. Department of Physics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil

    Anderson Stevens Leonidas Gomes

Authors
  1. Vanda Sanderana Macedo Carneiro
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  2. Eloiza Leonardo de Melo
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Contributions

VSMC conducted the research in its entirety; ELM prepared the manuscript and submitted it to the journal; CCBOM and EJS collaborated in conducting the experiments; AFS synthesized the nanoparticles for the experiments; NSD, JMM, and SISR edited the figures and tables; CLP translated the manuscript into English; ASLG co-supervised the research and revised the manuscript. MEMMG co-supervised the research.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eloiza Leonardo de Melo.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethics approval

All procedures performed in this study were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the local. Furthermore, this study followed all the guidelines outlined in the Helsinki Declaration.

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Carneiro, V.S.M., de Melo, E.L., de Oliveira Mota, C.C.B. et al. Optical clearing agents based on metallic and dielectric nanoparticles for caries diagnostic by optical coherence tomography. Clin Oral Invest 28, 72 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-05473-6

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