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Association of health behaviors, dietary habits, and oral health with weight gain after 20 years of age in community-dwelling Japanese individuals aged 40 years and older: a cross-sectional study

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Abstract

Objectives

This cross-sectional study investigated the factors associated with weight gain ≥ 10 kg after 20 years of age in the general Japanese population, with a focus on the number of teeth.

Materials and methods

We included individuals aged ≥ 40 years from Yamagata prefecture, Japan from 2017–2021. A postal survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire; 5,940 participants were included in the final analysis. The questionnaire included items on lifestyle factors, medical history, physical and mental conditions, oral health, and dietary intake. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent associations between weight gain ≥ 10 kg after 20 years of age and various parameters; adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated.

Results

Less than 20 teeth, male sex, drinking habit frequency, eating very fast or fast, and a higher frequency of eating-away-from-home were significant factors associated with weight gain ≥ 10 kg after 20 years of age; individuals with < 20 versus > 20 teeth exhibited a 1.35-fold higher OR (95% CI 1.15–1.59; p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that having < 20 teeth may affect weight gain ≥ 10 kg after 20 years of age. However, owing to the cross-sectional study design, causality could not be determined. Therefore, maintaining healthy lifestyle behaviors to avoid tooth loss may also affect weight gain ≥ 10 kg after 20 years of age.

Clinical relevance

Having < 20 teeth has the potential to affect long-term weight gain after 20 years of age.

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Data availability

Data cannot be shared for privacy or ethical reasons but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request after permission of the ethics committee of Yamagata University.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Editage for their English language editing service.

Funding

This work was supported by a grant-in-aid from the 21st Century Center of Excellence and the Global Center of Excellence Program of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan

    Shigeo Ishikawa, Naoki Okuyama & Mitsuyoshi Iino

  2. Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan

    Tsuneo Konta

  3. Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan

    Shinji Susa & Kenichi Ishizawa

  4. Global Center of Excellence, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan

    Kenichi Ishizawa & Yoshiyuki Ueno

  5. Yamagata University Health Administration Center, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-Machi, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan

    Naohiko Makino

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  1. Shigeo Ishikawa
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Contributions

Conceptualization: [Shigeo Ishikawa],[Tsuneo Konta], and [Mitsuyoshi Iino];Methodology: [Shigeo Ishikawa] and [Tsuneo Konta]; Formal analysis and investigation: [Shigeo Ishikawa], [Tsuneo Konta], [Shinji Susa], [Kenichi Ishizawa], [Naohiko Makino], and [Yoshiyuki Ueno]; Writing—original draft preparation: [Shigeo Ishikawa]; Writing—review and editing:[Tsuneo Konta], [Shinji Susa], [Kenichi Ishizawa],[Naohiko Makino],[Yoshiyuki Ueno],[Naoki Okuyama], and [Mitsuyoshi Iino]; Supervision: [Shinji Susa], [Kenichi Ishizawa],[Naohiko Makino],[Yoshiyuki Ueno].

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shigeo Ishikawa.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethics approval

All procedures performed in this study involving human partifcipants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Yamagata University (No. 2022–135).

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Informed consent was obtained from all participants in the original cohort study. In this study, the participants were given an option to opt out online. None of the patients declined to participate.

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Ishikawa, S., Konta, T., Susa, S. et al. Association of health behaviors, dietary habits, and oral health with weight gain after 20 years of age in community-dwelling Japanese individuals aged 40 years and older: a cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Invest 27, 7345–7358 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-05325-3

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