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Biocompatibility analysis in subcutaneous tissue and physico-chemical analysis of pre-mixed calcium silicate–based sealers

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Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the biocompatibility, physical and chemical properties of three pre-mixed calcium silicate–based sealers and an epoxy resin–based material were assessed. Pre-mixed sealers supposedly obtain water from the root canal moist to hydrate and set.

Materials and methods

Polyethylene tubes were filled with the materials Bio-C Sealer Ion+, Bio-C Sealer, EndoSequence BC Sealer and AH Plus Jet, or left empty and surgically implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of Wistar rats. The animals were euthanised and the tubes and tissue were removed for histological analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Materials’ surface chemical characterisation was assessed using Raman spectroscopy and SEM/EDS. Flow, setting time (in two conditions), solubility, radiopacity and pH were also analysed. ANOVA and Bonferroni correction were performed for comparisons (P < 0.05).

Results

Inflammatory response observed in the tissues subsided from 7 to 30 days. Tungsten migration could be detected in the surrounding tissue following AH Plus Jet implantation. All calcium silicate–based sealers exhibited zirconium oxide (radiopacifier) and tricalcium silicate peaks before and after implantation. All materials exhibited flow values above 17 mm. An approximately tenfold difference was observed between the plaster- and metal-mould setting times of the calcium silicate cements indicating its sensitivity to moist variations and solubility above 8% was also observed for these materials.

Conclusions

Pre-mixed materials exhibited variable setting time and solubility with a decreasing inflammatory response.

Clinical relevance

The variable moist-dependant setting time with high solubility poses a concern for the clinical use of these pre-mixed sealers.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Ana Cristina do Amaral Godoy for her technical assistance during histological processing, Adriano Luis Martins for his technical assistance in SEM/EDS and Rafael Soares de Sousa for his technical assistance in animal care.

Funding

This study was supported by the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP 2019/22098-9). This study was also financed in part by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) – Finance Code 001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Restorative Dentistry - Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Av Limeira 901, Piracicaba, SP CEP, 13414-903, Brazil

    Ana Cristina Padilha Janini, Lauter Eston Pelepenko, Juliana Minto Boldieri, Brenda P. F. A. Gomes & Marina Angélica Marciano

  2. Department of Biosciences - Pharmacology, Anesthesiology and Therapeutics, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

    Victor Augusto Benedicto dos Santos

  3. Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil

    Nilvan Alves da Silva & Ivo Milton Raimundo Jr

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  1. Ana Cristina Padilha Janini
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  2. Lauter Eston Pelepenko
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  3. Juliana Minto Boldieri
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  4. Victor Augusto Benedicto dos Santos
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  8. Marina Angélica Marciano
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Contributions

Conceptualization: L.E.P., A.C.P.J. and M.A.M.; methodology: L.E.P., A.C.P.J., V.A.B.S, N.A.S, I.M.R. Jr., B.P.F.A.G., J.M.B and M.A.M.; software: A.C.P.J. and M.A.M.; validation: L.E.P., A.C.P.J.; formal analysis: L.E.P. and M.A.M.; investigation: L.E.P., A.C.P.J. and M.A.M.; resources: M.A.M.; data curation: L.E.P., A.C.P.J., V.A.B.S, N.A.S, I.M.R. Jr., B.P.F.A.G. and M.A.M.; writing—original draft preparation: L.E.P.; writing—review and editing: M.A.M., B.P.F.A.G. and. I.M.R. Jr.; visualisation: L.E.P. and M.A.M.; supervision: M.A.M., B.P.F.A.G. and I.M.R. Jr.; project administration: M.A.M.; funding acquisition: M.A.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ana Cristina Padilha Janini.

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This study was approved by the institutional ethics committee animal research of the Piracicaba Dental School (code CEUA 5387-1/2019).

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Janini, A.C.P., Pelepenko, L.E., Boldieri, J.M. et al. Biocompatibility analysis in subcutaneous tissue and physico-chemical analysis of pre-mixed calcium silicate–based sealers. Clin Oral Invest 27, 2221–2234 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-04957-9

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