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Evaluation of bleaching efficacy, microhardness, and trans-amelodentinal diffusion of a novel bleaching agent for an in-office technique containing hexametaphosphate and fluoride

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Abstract

Objective

This study evaluated in vitro the effects of calcium gluconate (CaGlu), sodium fluoride (NaF), sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP), and NaF/TMP added to a 35% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) bleaching gel on the color change, enamel hardness, and trans-amelodentinal diffusion.

Materials and methods

Enamel discs/bovine dentin (n = 150) were divided according to the bleaching gel: 35% H2O2 (H2O2); 35% H2O2 + 0.1% NaF (H2O2/NaF); 35% H2O2 + 1% HMP (H2O2/HMP); 35% H2O2 + 0.1% NaF + 1% HMP (H2O2/NaF/HMP), and 35% H2O2 + 2% CaGlu (H2O2/Caglu). The bleaching gels were applied three times (40 min/session) at 7-day intervals between each application. Then, color alteration (ΔE), whitening index (ΔWID), percentage of surface hardness loss (% SH), cross-sectional hardness (ΔKHN), and trans-amelodentinal diffusion were determined. Data were submitted for analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Student–Newman–Keuls test (p < 0.05).

Results

All bleaching gels showed significant color changes after treatment (p < 0.001). ΔE and ΔWID were similar among the evaluated gels. Mineral loss (% SH and ΔKHN) and trans-amelodentinal diffusion of hydrogen peroxide were lower for H2O2/NaF/HMP; the H2O2/CaGlu group presented the highest values about the other groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

It is possible to conclude that the addition of NaF/HMP to the in-office bleaching agent did not interfere with the bleaching efficacy and reduced enamel demineralization and H2O2 diffusion.

Clinical significance

The association of NaF/HMP to the bleaching gel can be used as a novel approach for minimizing the adverse effects of H2O2 by-products and with similar clinical efficacy.

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Funding

This study was financially supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior—Brazil (CAPES) (CAPES, PROCAD/2013—Proc. 88881.068437/2014–2001) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—Brazil (CNPq) (grant number 312934/2018–1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil

    Nilson Antônio Nunes Júnior, Gabriel Pereira Nunes, Amanda Scarpin Gruba, Marcelle Danelon, Lívia Maria Alves Valentim da Silva, Gabriella de Farias Batista, André Luiz Fraga Briso & Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem

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  1. Nilson Antônio Nunes Júnior
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Correspondence to Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem.

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Júnior, N.A.N., Nunes, G.P., Gruba, A.S. et al. Evaluation of bleaching efficacy, microhardness, and trans-amelodentinal diffusion of a novel bleaching agent for an in-office technique containing hexametaphosphate and fluoride. Clin Oral Invest 26, 5071–5078 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-022-04480-3

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