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Cytokine co-stimulation effect on odontogenic differentiation of stem cells

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Clinical Oral Investigations Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

The study aims to evaluate the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) co-stimulation on odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).

Materials and methods

The viability/proliferation of hDPSCs treated with BMP-2 (group B), TGF-β1 (group T), or BMP-2/TGF-β1 (group BT) were evaluated. The experiments on odontogenic differentiation were done for 14 days. The following subgroups were added to investigate the effect of co-stimulation with different timing: subgroup B1, TGF-β1 co-stimulation in the first week; subgroup B2, TGF-β1 co-stimulation in the second week; subgroup T1, BMP-2 co-stimulation in the first week; and subgroup T2, BMP-2 co-stimulation in the second week. The mineralization was assessed using alizarin red staining. The expression of following genes was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction: dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1), osteopontin (OPN), and alkaline phosphatase.

Results

All groups showed viability similar to the control group (P > .05). The greater mineralization was detected in B groups on day 14. The expressions of DSPP, DMP-1, and OPN increased on day 14 (P < .05). In the combination groups, the higher expressions of DSPP and DMP-1 were observed in subgroups B1 and B2 than groups B and T (P < .05).

Conclusions

BMP-2 was the key in odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs, which was further enhanced by co-stimulation with TGF-β1. Continuous stimulation with TGFβ-1 did not improve the differentiation of hDPSCs.

Clinical relevance

Combined use of the BMP-2 and TGFβ-1 at the specific sequence can provide a tissue engineering approach for the future guided dentin regeneration.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Prof. Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban for statistical analysis.

Funding

Research reported in this publication was supported by Elite Researcher Grant Committee under award number 996576 from the National Institutes for Medical Research Development (NIMAD), Tehran, Iran.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Sayna Shamszadeh & Saeed Asgary

  2. Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Hassan Torabzadeh

  3. Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Simzar Hosseinzadeh

  4. Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Simzar Hosseinzadeh

  5. Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, Division of Endodontics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Ali Nosrat

  6. Centreville Endodontics, Centreville, VA, USA

    Ali Nosrat

Authors
  1. Sayna Shamszadeh
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  2. Saeed Asgary
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  3. Hassan Torabzadeh
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  4. Simzar Hosseinzadeh
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  5. Ali Nosrat
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Contributions

Conceptualization and design: Saeed Asgary and Ali Nosrat; methodology: Saeed Asgary and Hassan Torabzadeh; formal analysis and investigation: Sayna Shamszadeh, Ali Nosrat, and Simzar Hosseinzadeh; writing — original draft preparation: Sayna Shamszadeh; writing — review and editing: Hassan Torabzadeh and Ali Nosrat; supervision: Saeed Asgary. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Saeed Asgary.

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Ethics approval

Intact/sound third molars were obtained from patients at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department at Shahid Beheshti Dental School. The approval was obtained by the Ethics Committee at National Institutes for Medical Research Development (NIMAD) (IR.NIMAD.REC.1399.262).

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Shamszadeh, S., Asgary, S., Torabzadeh, H. et al. Cytokine co-stimulation effect on odontogenic differentiation of stem cells. Clin Oral Invest 26, 4789–4796 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-022-04443-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-022-04443-8

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