Abstract
Objectives
Hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM) are due to idiopathic hypomineralisation that affects from 1- to 4-s primary molars, and its aetiology remains unclear. Our objective was to systematically review studies in which the investigators had studied the association between HSPM and drug use during pregnancy and the first year of life.
Materials and methods
A systematic search for publications until July 2018 was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. No restrictions were placed on year of publication. The PECO Question was as follows: P, children exposed to drugs during pregnancy and the first year of life; E, drugs to which mothers, during pregnancy and their offspring were exposed; C, control groups from studies with the same characteristics not exposed to drugs during pregnancy and the first year of life; and O, relationship between drug exposure during pregnancy and the first year of life and HSPM. Two reviewers extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale criteria.
Results
We initially identified 986 articles, or which seven were selected for review: two case-control studies, one cross-sectional studies and four cohort studies. Four studies reported data on drug consumption during pregnancy and four investigated drug use during the first year of life and the occurrence of enamel defects in primary dentition.
Conclusions
There is no clear evidence that the use of drugs during pregnancy and during the first year of life is associated with HSPM. Further well-designed prospective studies are needed.
Clinical relevance
Determining the etiological factors related to the development of HSPM would help to establish preventive protocols in patients at potential risk. As HSPM is predictive of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), the application of preventive protocols would avoid complications in both the primary and permanent dentition.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Suckling GW (1989) Developmental defects of enamel: historical and present-day perspectives of their pathogenesis. Adv Dent Res 3:87–94
Masumo R, Bárdsem A, Åström AN (2013) Developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth and association with early life course events: a study of 6-36-month-old children in Manyara, Tanzania. BMC Oral Health 13:21
Robles MJ, Ruiz M, Bravo-Pérez M, González E, Peñalver MA (2013) Prevalence of enamel defects in primary and permanent teeth in a group of schoolchildren from Granada (Spain). Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 18:e187–e193
Jälevik B, Norén JG (2000) Enamel hypomineralization of permanent first molars: a morphological study and survey of possible aetiological factors. Int J Paediatr Dent 10:278–289
Weerheijm KL (2003) Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). Eur J Pediatr Dent 4:114–120
Elfrink MEC, Schuller AA, Weerheijm KL, Veerkamp JSJ (2008) Hypomineralized second primary molars: prevalence data in Dutch 5-year-olds. Caries Res 42:282–285
Elfrink MEC, Ten Cate JM, Jaddoe VW, Hofman A, Moll HA, Veerkamp JSJ (2012) Deciduous molar hypomineralization and molar incisor hypomineralization. J Den Res 91:551–555
Lygidakis NA, Dimou G, Marinou D (2008) Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH). A retrospective clinical study in Greek children. II. Possible medical aetiological factors. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 9:207–217
Ghanim A, Morgan M, Mariño R, Manton M, Bailey D (2011) Perception of molar-incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) by Iraqi dental academics. Int J Paediatr Dent 21:261–270
Kühnish J, Heitmüller D, Thiering E, Burockow I, Hoffmann U, Neumann C, Heinrich-Weltzien R, Bauer CP, von Berg A, Koletzko S, Garcia-Godoy F, Hickel R, Heinrich J (2014) Proportion and extent of manifestation of molar-incisor hypomineralization according to different phenotypes. J Public Health Dent 74:2–9
Oliver K, Messer LB, Manton DJ, Kan K, Ng F, Olsen C, Sheahan J, Silva M, Chawla N (2014) Distribution and severity of molar hypomineralisation: trial of a new severity index. Int J Paediatr Dent 24:131–151
Ghanim A, Morgan M, Mariño R, Bailey D, Manton D (2013) An in vivo investigation of salivary properties, enamel hypomineralisation and carious lesion severity in a group of Iraqi school children. Int J Paediatr Dent 23:2–12
Garot E, Denis A, Delbos Y, Manton D, Silva M, Rouas P (2018) Are hypomineralised lesions on second primary molars (HSPM) a predictive sign of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH)? A systematic review and a meta-analysis. J Dent 72:8–13
Willmott NS, Bryan RA, Duggal MS (2008) Molar-incisor-hypomineralisation: a literature review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 9:172–179
William V, Messer LB, Burrow MF (2006) Molar incisor hypomineralization: review and recommendations for clinical management. Pediatr Dent 28:224–232
Ghamin A, Elfrink M, Weerheijm K, Marino R, Manton D (2015) A practical method for use in epidemiological studies on enamel hypomineralisation. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 16:235–246
Elfrink MEC, Moll HA, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Jaddoe VWV, Hofman A, ten Cate JM, Veerkamp JSJ (2014) Pre- and postnatal determinants of deciduous molar Hypomineralisation in 6-year-old children. The generation R study. PLoS One 9:e91057
Velló MA, Martínez Costa C, Catalá M, Fons J, Brines J, Guijarro Martínez R (2010) Prenatal and neonatal risk factors for the development of enamel defects in low birth weight children. Oral Dis 16:257–262
Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG (2010) The PRISMA group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Int J Surg 8:336–341
Egger M, Davey-Smith G, Altman D (2001) Systematics reviews in health care: metaanalysis in context, 2nd edn. BMJ Books, London
Wells GA, Shea B, Connell DO, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, Tugwell P. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of non-randomised studies in meta-analyses. Ottawa, Ontario: Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Available at: http://www.ohri.ca/ programs/clinical epidemiology/oxford.asp
Jacobsen PE, Haubek D, Henriksen TB, Østergaard JR, Poulsen S (2014) Developmental enamel defects in children born preterm: a systematic review. Eur J Oral Sci 122:7–14
Koch MJ, Bhürer R, Schärer TPK (1999) Enamel hypoplasia of primary teeth in chronic renal failure. Pediatr Nephrol 13:68–72
Höltä P, Alaluusua S, Saarinen-Pihkala UM, Wolf J, Nyström M, Hovi L (2002) Long-term adverse effects on dentition in children with poor risk neuroblastoma treated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation with or without total body irradiation. Bone Marrow Transpant 29:121–127
Elfrink MEC, Moll HA, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Marroun HEI, Jaddoe VWV, Hoffman A, Stricker BH, ten Cate JM, Veerkamp JSJ (2013) Is maternal use of medicine during pregnancy associated with deciduous molar hypomineralization in the offspring? A prospective, population base study. Drug Saf 36:627–633
Hong L, Levy SM, Warren JJ, Bergus GR, Dawson DV, Wefel JS, Broffitt B (2004) Primary tooth fluorosis and amoxicillin use during infancy. J Public Health Dent 64:38–44
Jacobsen PE, Henriksen TB, Haubek D, Ostergaard JR (2013) Developmental enamel defects in children prenatally exposed to anti-epileptic drugs. PLoS One 8:e58213
Camman D, Schultz S, Heilbrun L, Zuniga M, Palmer R, Miller C (2013) Acetaminophen, pesticide, and diethylhexyl phthalate metabolites, anandamide, and fatty acids in deciduous molars: potential biomarkers of perinatal exposure. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 23:190–196
Borusiak P, Langer T, Heruth M, Karenfort M, Bettendorf U, Jenke AC (2013) Antiepileptic drugs and bone metabolism in children: data from 128 patients. J Child Neurol 28:176–183
Guergolette RP, Dezan CC, Frossard WT, Ferreira FB, Cerci Neto A, Fernandes KB (2009) Prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in children and adolescents with asthma. J Bras Pneumol 35:295–300
Wogelius P, Haubek D, Nechifor A, Nørgaard M, Tvedebrink T, Poulsen S (2010) Association between use of asthma drugs and prevalence of demarcated opacities in permanent first molars in 6-to-8-year-old Danish children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 38:145–151
Mukhopadhyay S, Roy P, Mandal B, Ghosh C, Chakraborty B (2014) Enamel hypoplasia of primary canine: its prevalence and degree of expression. J Nat Sci Biol Med 5:43–46
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Informed consent
For this type of study, formal consent is not required.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
ESM 1
(DOCX 40 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Serna Muñoz, C., Ortiz Ruiz, A.J., Pérez Silva, A. et al. Second primary molar hypomineralisation and drugs used during pregnancy and infancy. A systematic review. Clin Oral Invest 24, 1287–1297 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-03007-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-03007-7