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Influence of different thickeners in at-home tooth bleaching: a randomized clinical trial study

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Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the effects of 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) with two different thickeners, carbopol (CPc) and natrosol (CPn), on color variation (CV), tooth sensitivity (TS), and cytotoxicity (CC).

Methods

Seventy subjects were distributed into the CPc or CPn groups (n = 35), in a parallel group, randomized, controlled, single-blind clinical trial. Bleaching gels were used by volunteers for 4 h daily for 2 weeks. Color evaluation was performed using a reflectance spectrophotometer, before bleaching treatment (BT), immediately after the first and second weeks of BT, and 1 week and 1 month after BT ended. TS was evaluated using two pain scales, before, during, and after BT. CC was evaluated using MTT after exposure of MDPC-23 cells to the bleaching gels for 4 h. Epoxy replicas of the subjects teeth were made before and after BT and analyzed using a scanning electronic microscope. The data was analyzed using statistical methods.

Results

CV and TS showed similar variation between both bleaching gels (p ≤ 0.05). None of the protocols affected cellular metabolism or the surface morphology of enamel.

Conclusions

Bleaching gels with carbopol and natrosol as thickening agents produced similarly effective tooth bleaching and TS, but did not cause cytotoxicity.

Clinical relevance

Natrosol could be an alternative as a thickener used in bleaching gels due to its similar bleaching effect and TS when compared with Carbopol.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano for the tooth color shade evaluation statistical analyses, and the authors gratefully acknowledge the support provided by CAPES-Brazilian Government and the Drogal Manipulation for manufacturing the bleaching agent.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, P.O. BOX 52, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil

    Juliana do Carmo Públio, Marília Zeczkowski, Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar & Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima

  2. Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil

    Jonny Burga-Sánchez & Franscico Carlos Groppo

  3. Department of Social Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil

    Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano

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  1. Juliana do Carmo Públio
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Correspondence to Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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do Carmo Públio, J., Zeczkowski, M., Burga-Sánchez, J. et al. Influence of different thickeners in at-home tooth bleaching: a randomized clinical trial study. Clin Oral Invest 23, 2187–2198 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2613-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2613-9

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