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No deficit in neurocortical information processing in patients with cleft lip and palate

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Abstract

Background

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) represents the most common malformation of the midfacial region worldwide. It can be suggested that the facial stigmatization, the speech impediment, and the long-standing pressure of treatment cause a range of life stressors. Neurocortical information is influenced by physiological and psychological factors and varies significantly in patients suffering from chronic stress, anxiety, depression, or other psychopathological conditions following maladaptation. The aims of the present study were to investigate the neurocortical information processing of patients with CLP using the contingent negative variation (CNV) paradigm and to evaluate secondary psychopathology, anxiety, and depression.

Materials and methods

Twenty-five adults with CLP and 25 healthy volunteers, matched in age and gender, were investigated using recordings of the CNV. Initial CNV (iCNV), late CNV (lCNV), and total CNV (tCNV) as well as habituation slope of the iCNV were determined in each subject. Additionally, each participant had to complete the hospital anxiety and depression questionnaire (HADS) and the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R).

Results

Individuals with CLP did not differ significantly from healthy subjects according to any of the CNV parameters investigated. No correlations could be revealed between the measured items and the confounding factors age and gender. Additionally, there were no differences between the groups regarding depression and SCL-90-R; however, anxiety showed significant group differences on a subclinical level.

Conclusions

These data suggest that subjects with CLP show normal neurocortical information processing. It seems likely that CLP and its treatment have no impact on psychosocial functioning and neurophysiological mechanisms of attention.

Clinical relevance

The specific living conditions of patients with CLP do not result in disease-specific neurophysiological changes.

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Acknowledgments

We thank all participating patients and control subjects for their cooperation. This study was financed by the corresponding author’s institution.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, Haus 26, 24105, Kiel, Germany

    Volker Gassling, Kai Receveur, Falk Birkenfeld & Jörg Wiltfang

  2. Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany

    Uwe Niederberger, Claudia Helene Overath, Wolf-Dieter Gerber & Michael Siniatchkin

  3. Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany

    Bernd Koos

Authors
  1. Volker Gassling
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  2. Kai Receveur
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  9. Michael Siniatchkin
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Volker Gassling.

Additional information

Trial Registration: German Clinical Trials Register (registration code DRKS00004606).

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Gassling, V., Receveur, K., Niederberger, U. et al. No deficit in neurocortical information processing in patients with cleft lip and palate. Clin Oral Invest 20, 23–30 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1465-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1465-9

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