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Comparison of immunodulatory properties of dental pulp stem cells derived from healthy and inflamed teeth

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Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the immunodulatory properties of dental pulp stem cells derived from healthy (SCD) and inflamed pulp deciduous (SCDIP) tissues. The overall hypothesis is that SCDIP possess equal immune properties with SCD and could be used as an alternative tissue source in regenerative medicine.

Materials and methods

An intra-oral examination was carried out to assess the status of the pulp tissues and group them according to healthy or inflamed. Primary cells were established from these groups, and basic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) characterizations were conducted. The expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA), namely HLA-G, HLA-DR, and HLA-ABC were examined in both cell lines using flow cytometry. We further compared the immunosuppressive effects of SCD and SCDIP on phytohemagglutinin-induced T cell proliferation. Supernatants were tested for cytokine profiling using multiplex array.

Results

While SCD exhibited typical MSC characteristics, SCDIP on the other hand, did not. Compared with SCDIP, SCD effectively suppresses mitogen-induced T cells proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, as well as express a higher percentage of HLA-ABC and HLA-G. In addition, levels of several cytokines, such as TNF-α, TNF-β, and IL-2, were drastically suppressed in SCD than SCDIP. Furthermore, a high level of IL-10, an important anti-inflammatory cytokine, was present in SCD compared with SCDIP.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that SCDIP is highly dysfunctional in terms of their stemness and immunomodulatory properties.

Clinical relevance

SCDIP is not a viable therapeutic cell source especially when used in graft versus host disease (GvHD) and organ rejection.

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Acknowledgments

This work is part of an ongoing project between Hygieia Innovation and Faculty of Dentistry, University Malaya and supported by University Malaya, High Impact Research Chancellery grant (UM.C/625/HIR/032).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that no competing financial interests exist.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Farinawati Binti Yazid, Wijenthiran Kunasekaran & Sabri Musa

  2. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Nareshwaran Gnanasegaran

  3. Regenerative Dentistry Research Group (ReDReG), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Nareshwaran Gnanasegaran & Wijenthiran Kunasekaran

  4. Stem Cells Laboratory, Hygieia Innovation Sdn. Bhd, Lot 1G-2G, Komplex Lanai, No. 2, Persiaran Seri Perdana, Persint 10, 62250, Federal Territory of Putrajaya, Malaysia

    Vijayendran Govindasamy

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  1. Farinawati Binti Yazid
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  2. Nareshwaran Gnanasegaran
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  4. Vijayendran Govindasamy
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  5. Sabri Musa
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Correspondence to Vijayendran Govindasamy.

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Yazid, F.B., Gnanasegaran, N., Kunasekaran, W. et al. Comparison of immunodulatory properties of dental pulp stem cells derived from healthy and inflamed teeth. Clin Oral Invest 18, 2103–2112 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-014-1207-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-014-1207-4

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