Abstract
The increasing popularity of mobile computing devices has allowed for new research and application areas. Specifically, urban areas exhibit an elevated concentration of such devices enabling potential ad-hoc co-operation and sharing of resources among citizens. Here, we argue that people, architecture and technology together provide the infrastructure for these applications and an understanding of this infrastructure is important for effective design and development. We focus on describing the metrics for describing this infrastructure and elaborate on a set of observation, analysis and simulation methods for capturing, deriving and utilising those metrics.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Reality Mining: http://reality.media.mit.edu, accessed 14 July 2007.
http://www.haggleproject.org, accessed 14 July 2007.
Crawdad project: http://crawdad.cs.dartmouth.edu, accessed 14 July 2007.
MetroSense Project: http://metrosense.cs.dartmouth.edu, accessed 14 July 2007.
Nike+: http://www.nikeplus.com, accessed 14 July 2007.
Noise Mapping England: http://noisemapping.org, accessed 14 July 2007.
MESSAGE Project: http://155.198.92.106/pmesg.html, accessed 14 July 2007.
Urban Sensing: http://research.cens.ucla.edu/projects/2006/systems/Urban_Sensing, accessed 14 July 2007.
http://www.orgnet.com/sna.html, accessed 11 February 2008.
For sample WiFi maps, visit http://www.wifimaps.com, last accessed 11 February 2008.
Wireless Rope: http://wrp.auriga.wearlab.de and http://sourceforge.net/projects/wirelessrope, accessed 11 February 2008.
For sample WiFi maps, visit http://www.wifimaps.com, accessed 11 February 2008.
Observations were conducted in August/September 2006.
The duration between two successive direct contacts between a pair of nodes.
References
Eagle N, Pentland A (2006) Reality mining: sensing complex social systems. Pers Ubiquitous Comput 10(4):255–268
Chen M, Haehnel D, Hightower J, Sohn T, LaMarca A, Smith I, Chmelev D, Hughes J, Potter F (2006) Practical metropolitan-scale positioning for GSM phones. In: Ubicomp 2006: 8th international conference on ubiquitous computing, LNCS, vol 4206. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 225–242
Hillier B, Hanson J (1984) The social logic of space. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Balazinska M, Castro P (2003) Characterizing mobility and network usage in a corporate wireless local-area network. In: MobiSys ’03 proceedings first international conference on mobile systems, applications and services. ACM Press, New York, pp 303–316
Chaintreau A, Hui P, Crowcroft J, Diot C, Gass R, Scott J (2006) Impact of human mobility on the design of opportunistic forwarding algorithms. In: Proceedings 25th IEEE conference on computer communications (INFOCOM). IEEE CS Press, New York
McNett M, Voelker GM (2005) Access and Mobility of Wireless PDA Users. SIGMOBILE Mob Comput Commun Rev 9(2):40–55
Nicolai T, Yoneki E, Behrens N, Kenn H (2005) Exploring social context with the Wireless Rope. In: On the move to meaningful internet systems 2006: OTM 2006 workshops, part I, LNCS, vol 4277. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 225–242
Mainwaring SD, Anderson K, Chang MF (2005) Living for the global city: mobile kits, urban interfaces and Ubicomp. In: Proceedings Ubicomp, pp. 269–286
Foth M (2006) Facilitating social networking in inner-city neighborhoods. IEEE Comput 39(9):44–50
Kortuem G, Segall Z (2003) Wearable communities: augmenting social networks with wearable computers. IEEE Pervasive Comput 2(1):71–78
Turner A, Penn A (2002) Encoding natural movement as an agent-based system: an investigation into human pedestrian behaviour in the built environment. Environ Plann B: Plann Des 29(4):473–490
Kostakos V, O’Neill E (2007) Quantifying the effects of space on encounter. In: Proceedings 6th international space syntax symposium. Istanbul, Turkey
Hillier B, Burdett R, Peponis J, Penn A (1987) Creating life: or, does architecture determine anything?. Archit Behav 3(3):233–250
O’Neill E, Kostakos V, Kindberg T, Fatah gen. Schieck A, Penn A, Stanton Fraser D, Jones T (2006) Instrumenting the city: developing methods for observing and understanding the digital cityscape. In: Ubicomp 2006: 8th international conference on ubiquitous computing, LNCS, vol 4206. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 315–332
Papadogkonas D, Roussos G, Levene M (2006) Discovery and ranking of significant trails. In: Second international workshop on exploiting context histories in smart environments (ECHISE) at Ubicomp 2006: 8th international conference on ubiquitous computing, online proceedings
Paulos E, Goodman E (2004) The familiar stranger: axiety, comfort and play in public places. In: CHI ‘04: proceedings SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. ACM Press, New York, pp 223–230
Camp T, Boleng J, Davies V (2002) A survey of mobility models for ad hoc network research. Wireless Commun Mob Comput 2(5):483–502
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Alan Penn, Ava Fatah gen. Schiek, Alistair Turner, Tim Kindberg, Przemyslaw Jaworski, George Roussos, Dikaios Papadogkonas, Nils Behrens, Andreas Kemnade, Michael Lawo, Otthein Herzog and Pan Hui. This research is partly funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council grant EP/C547683/1 (Cityware: urban design and pervasive systems), the European Union under the Haggle integrated project FP6-IST-027918 and the ACCA coordination action FP6-IST-6475.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kostakos, V., Nicolai, T., Yoneki, E. et al. Understanding and measuring the urban pervasive infrastructure. Pers Ubiquit Comput 13, 355–364 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-008-0196-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-008-0196-1