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Gadolinium-containing bioparticles as an active entity to promote cell cycle progression in mouse embryo fibroblast NIH3T3 cells

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JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the present study, we demonstrated that gadolinium-containing particles formed in cell culture medium acted as a biologically active entity to mediate cell cycle progression in NIH3T3 cells. The particles were observed to accumulate at the cell surface by scanning electron microscopy. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis was undertaken and confirmed that gadolinium was incorporated in the agglomerated particles. Moreover, the smaller gadolinium particles exhibited a stronger cell-cycle-promoting effect than the larger ones, but they shared the common signaling pathways. Both extracellular signal regulated kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathways were activated by gadolinium-containing particles and may account for their proliferation-promoting effect on NIH3T3 cells. Furthermore, the study showed that the free gadolinium ion released from gadolinium-containing particles may be responsible for the proliferation effect. This study will be helpful to clarify the biological effect of the insoluble species formed from Gd3+ as well as other multivalent metal ions under physiological conditions and will help to improve their medical applications.

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Abbreviations

DMEM:

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium

DTS:

Dispersion Technology Software

EDX:

Energy-dispersive X-ray

ERK:

Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase

JNK:

c-Jun N-terminal kinase

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MTT:

3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazoyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

NSF:

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis

PBS:

Phosphate-buffered saline

PI3K:

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

pRb:

Retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20637010).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China

    Jin-Xia Li, Jing-Cheng Liu & Kui Wang

  2. Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China

    Jin-Xia Li, Jing-Cheng Liu, Kui Wang & Xiao-Gai Yang

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  1. Jin-Xia Li
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  2. Jing-Cheng Liu
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  3. Kui Wang
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  4. Xiao-Gai Yang
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Correspondence to Xiao-Gai Yang.

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Li, JX., Liu, JC., Wang, K. et al. Gadolinium-containing bioparticles as an active entity to promote cell cycle progression in mouse embryo fibroblast NIH3T3 cells. J Biol Inorg Chem 15, 547–557 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-010-0622-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-010-0622-5

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