Abstract
Introduction
Exercise is beneficial for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Skeletal muscle affects other tissues via myokines, the release of which is regulated by acute exercise. However, the effects of chronic exercise on myokines linking muscle to bone have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the effects of chronic exercise on bone and myokines using ovariectomized (OVX) mice.
Materials and methods
Treadmill exercise with moderate intensity was performed for 8 weeks after OVX or sham surgery. We measured bone mineral density (BMD) at the femurs and tibias of mice by quantitative computed tomography and myokine mRNA levels in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles.
Results
Treadmill exercise ameliorated decreases in trabecular and cortical BMD in the femurs of OVX mice. Irisin is a proteolytic product of fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (Fndc5). Among the myokines examined, treadmill exercise increased irisin protein and Fndc5 mRNA levels in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of sham and OVX mice. Treadmill exercise increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α mRNA levels in the gastrocnemius muscles of mice. Fndc5 mRNA levels in the gastrocnemius muscles positively correlated with trabecular BMD, but not with cortical BMD, at the femurs and tibias of mice in simple regression analyses.
Conclusions
We demonstrated that chronic exercise elevated irisin expression in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of estrogen-deficient mice. Irisin might be related to increases in trabecular BMD in mice; however, further studies are needed to clarify the involvement of irisin in the effects of chronic exercise on muscle/bone interactions.
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Acknowledgements
This study was partly supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C: 19K07310) to N.K. and (C: 20K09514) to H.K. from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan.
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NK and HK contributed to the conception and design of the research. NK, SI, MK, YM and YT performed the experiments. NK analyzed the data. NK and HK interpreted the results of the experiments. NK prepared the figures. NK drafted the manuscript. NK and HK edited and revised the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
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All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health and the institutional rules for the use and care of laboratory animals at Kindai University. All procedures were approved by the Experimental Animal Welfare Committee of Kindai University (Permit number: KAME-28–016, KAME-2020–011).
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Kawao, N., Iemura, S., Kawaguchi, M. et al. Role of irisin in effects of chronic exercise on muscle and bone in ovariectomized mice. J Bone Miner Metab 39, 547–557 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-020-01201-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-020-01201-2