Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

High-performance thin-layer chromatographic investigation of rutin in the leaves of Phoenix sylvestris in sequence with pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation

  • Original Research Paper
  • Published:
JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The current research aimed to investigate the pharmacognostical, phytochemical and quantification of rutin in leaves of Phoenix sylvestris by high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method. Various extracts of the leaves of P. sylvestris were prepared in different solvents by cold maceration method. The extracts were subjected to various chemical tests for detection of various secondary metabolites as well as to determine the amount of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC). The methanolic extract was subjected to carry out quantification of rutin by HPTLC method. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), etc. Pharmacognostic study mainly covered the macroscopic and microscopic features of the leaves including powder microscopy. Qualitative analysis revealed the existence of certain chemical constituents such as flavonoids, tannins, organic acids and saponin glycosides. The methanolic extract of P. sylvestris showed LOD and LOQ for rutin as 125.01 ng/spot and 204.921 ng/spot, respectively. The amount of rutin was detected as 54.6 mg g-1 of extract.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

P. sylvestris :

Phoenix sylvestris

TPC:

total phenolic content

TFC:

total flavonoid content

PSLPEE:

petroleum ether extract of leaf of Phoenix sylvestris

PSLCLE:

chloroform extract of leaf of Phoenix sylvestris

PSLME:

methanolic extract of leaf of Phoenix sylvestris

PSLHAE:

hydroalcoholic extract of leaf of Phoenix sylvestris

PSLAE:

aqueous extract of leaf of Phoenix sylvestris

LOD:

limit of detection

LOQ:

limit of quantification

ng:

nano-gram

References

  1. Jain P, Jain S, Sharma S, Paliwal S (2018) Diverse application of Phoenix sylvestris: a potential herb. Agric Nat Res 52:107–114

    Google Scholar 

  2. Chakraborty P, Roy I, Chatterjee S, Chanda S, Bhattacharya SG (2006) Phoenix sylvestris roxb pollen allergy: a 2-year randomized controlled trial and follow-up study of immunotherapy in patients with seasonal allergy in an agricultural area of West Bengal. India J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 16:377–384

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Anonymous, Encyclopedia of agricultural science. 4. Anmol publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2000, pp. 125–155

  4. Chowdhury MSH, Halim MA, Muhammed N, Haque F, Koike M (2008) Traditional utilization of wild date palm (Phoenix sylvestris) in rural Bangladesh: an approach to sustainable biodiversity management. J Forest Res 19:245–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Kulkarni AR, Mulani RM (2004) Indigenous palms of India. Curr Sci 86:1598–1603

    Google Scholar 

  6. Rana MP, Islam MS (2010) The role of palm husbandry in the rural economy of the south-eastern region of Bangladesh. IForest 3:39–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Barrow SC (1998) A monograph of Phoenix L. (Palmae: Coryphoideae). Key Bulletin 53:513–575

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Wallis TE (ed) (1985) Textbook of Pharmacognosy, 5th edn. CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  9. Brain KR, Turner TD (1975) The practical evaluation of phyto pharmaceuticals, 1st edn. Wright-Scientechnica, Bristol

    Google Scholar 

  10. Trivedi MH, Lakshmi SM, Joy JM (2012) Pharmacognostic studies of the leaves of Ficus nervosa Heyne ex Roth (Moraceae). Int J Phytother 2:16–22

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB (1991) Practical Pharmacognosy, 3rd edn. Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  12. Chanda S (2014) Importance of pharmacognostic study of medicinal plants: an overview. J Pharmacog Phytochem 2:69–73

    Google Scholar 

  13. Anonymous (1996) Indian pharmacopoeia, 4th edn. India Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

  14. Kokashi CJ (1958) Fluorescence of powdered vegetable drugs in ultra-violet radiation. J American Pharma Assoc 47:715–717

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Chase CR, Pratt RJ (1949) Fluorescence of powdered vegetable drugs. Indian J Exp Biol 33:428–432

    Google Scholar 

  16. Wagner H, Bladt S, Rickl V (2001) Plant drug analysis: a thin-layer chromatography atlas, 2nd edn. Springer, New York, NY

    Google Scholar 

  17. Khandelwal KR (2007) Techniques and experiments, practical Pharmacognosy, 17th edn. Nirali Prakashan, Pune

    Google Scholar 

  18. Ainsworth EA, Gillespie KM (2007) Estimation of total phenolic content and other oxidation substrates in plant tissues using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. Nat Protoc 2:875–877

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Alhakmani F, Kumar S, Khan SA (2013) Estimation of total phenolic content, in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of flowers of Moringa oleifera. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 3:623–627

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Lin JY, Tang CY (2007) Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents in selected fruits and vegetables as well as their stimulatory effect on mouse splenocyte proliferation. Food Chem 101:140–147

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Madaan R, Bansal G, Kumar S, Sharma A (2011) Estimation of total phenols and flavonoids in extracts of Actaea spicata roots and antioxidant activity studies. Indian J Pharm Sci 73:666–669

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Chandrasekar R, Rao SN (2013) Phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract of leaves of Leucas indica (EELLI). Int J Pharm Bio Sci 4:33–38

    Google Scholar 

  23. Sampathkumar S, Ramakrishna N (2011) Chromatographic finger print analysis of Naringi crenulata by HPTLC technique. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 1:S195–S191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Akbar S, Hanif U, Ali J, Ishtiaq S (2014) Pharmacognostic studies of stem, roots and leaves of Malva parviflora L. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 4:410–415

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Harborne JB (1998) Phytochemical methods, 3rd edn. Chapman and Hall, London

    Google Scholar 

  26. Bhole RP, Shinde SS, Chitlange SS, Wankhede SB (2015) A high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for simultaneous determination of diphenhydramine hydrochloride and naproxen sodium in tablets. Anal Chem Insights 10:47–51

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. ICH, International conference on harmonization of technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use; Validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology, Q2 (R1), Geneva, 2005

  28. Jain P, Jain S, Sharma S, Paliwal S (2019) Pharmacognostical specification and validated high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method for the estimation of quercetin in Phoenix sylvestris root. J Planar Chromatogr 32:31–39

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Siddiqui NA, Mothana RA, Al-Rehaily AJ, Alam P, Yousaf M, Ahmed S, Alatar A (2017) High-performance thin-layer chromatography based concurrent estimation of biomarkers ent-phyllanthidine and rutin in the dried aerial parts of Flueggea virosa. Saudi Pharm J 25:696–702

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Beghdad MC, Benammar C, Bensalah F, Sabri FZ, Belarbi M, Chemat F (2014) Antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid content in leaves, flowers, stems and seeds of mallow (Malva sylvestris L.) from North Western of Algeria. African J Biotech 13:486–491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Alam F, Saqib QNU (2015) Pharmacognostic study and development of quality control parameters for fruit bark and leaf of Zanthoxylum armatum (Rutaceae). Anc Sci Life 34:147–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. World Health Organization, Quality assurance pharmaceuticals: A compendium of guidelines and related materials, good manufacturing practices and inspection, 2, WHO, Geneva, 1996

  33. Gangwar AK, Ghosh AK, Saxena V (2014) Antiulcer activity of Phoenix dactylifera Linn leaves. World J Pharm Sci 3:1164–1172

    Google Scholar 

  34. Iqbal M, Khera RA, Hussain T, Sadia H, Abbas M, Nazir A, Arshad M, Younas U (2017) Cytotoxicity and bioactivity evaluation of pygmy date palm extracts. Curr Sci Perspect 3:106–111

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Authors are highly thankful to Vice Chancellor, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, along with the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), New Delhi, India, for providing the necessary facilities to carry out the entire research work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, 304022, India

    Pankaj Kumar Jain, Swapnil Sharma & Sarvesh Paliwal

  2. Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, 304022, India

    Sonika Jain & Pooja Chak

  3. LBS College of Pharmacy, Jaipur, 302017, India

    Surendra Kumar Swarnkar

Authors
  1. Pankaj Kumar Jain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sonika Jain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Pooja Chak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Surendra Kumar Swarnkar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Swapnil Sharma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Sarvesh Paliwal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pankaj Kumar Jain.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jain, P.K., Jain, S., Chak, P. et al. High-performance thin-layer chromatographic investigation of rutin in the leaves of Phoenix sylvestris in sequence with pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation. JPC-J Planar Chromat 33, 191–201 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00764-020-00016-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00764-020-00016-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation