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Geochronology of carbonatites from the Canadian and Baltic Shields, and the Canadian Cordillera: clues to mantle evolution

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Abstract

Carbonatites are known to range in age from the Archean through to the Recent, with an increasing abundance towards more recent times. Of the known 500 or so carbonatites, however, few have been precisely dated. In this paper, some new, precise U/Pb, Th/Pb as well as Pb/Pb dates from several carbonatite complexes from Europe and North America are presented and used to establish important reference points in defining mantle perturbations. Events at 2617, 1964, 583 and 382 Ma are now firmly established for the Fennoscandian Shield, while several distinct events of 2680 Ma, and between 1897–1881 and 1164–1083 Ma are documented for the Canadian Shield. Other, less well-defined, events in Canada include magmatism at 1770 Ma from Argor, 570 Ma from Manitou Islands, and an event at 360 Ma from the Canadian Cordillera. One carbonatite from the Ukrainian Shield (Chernigovka) has been precisely dated at 2074 Ma. Events from the Fennoscandian Shield also include carbonatitic magmatism at 1792 Ma from Halpanen, and between 386 and 377 Ma from Kola. Most of these events from quite distinct Archean cratons can be correlated with LIPs and associated mafic magmatism, such as flood basalts and regional dyke swarms, generally considered to be the result of plume magmatism and associated continental fragmentation. Few mafic events are associated with the post-orogenic shoshonitic magmatism at ca. 1800 Ma for the Fennoscandian Shield and the Devonian continental margin extension in the Canadian Cordillera.

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Acknowledgements

This study was initiated during an extended leave of absence of A.R. from the Department of Petrography at St. Petersburg State University. This work was partially supported by NSERC grants to K.B., and NATO and Carleton University post-doctoral support to A.R. Part of this work was carried out in the Geochronology Laboratory of the Geological Survey of Canada. We thank Yuri Amelin for his help with the analytical work at the GSC and discussion of the results and Antonio Simonetti for his help with the LA-ICPMS analyses. John Blenkinsop helped us develop new mass spectrometry procedures at Carleton University. George R. Tilton kindly provided his “Lunar” mixed 205Pb-230Th-235U spike. In addition, the Royal Ontario Museum, John Gittins, Natalia A. Kascheeva, Dmitri Konopelko, Anton Pilipiuk and Elizabeth Ann Spencer are thanked for providing their rock samples, Ineke de Jong for her help in the laboratory, and Alexandra Blinova for assisting with the chemistry, mass spectrometry and useful discussions. The reviews by Alan Woolley, Yuri Amelin, editorial work by Antonio Simonetti, and an informal review by Richard Ernst greatly improved the manuscript.

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    Present address: Alberta Geological Survey, Energy Resources Conservation Board, 4th Floor, Twin Atria Building, 4999 - 98 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6B 2X3, Canada

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  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada

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Rukhlov, A.S., Bell, K. Geochronology of carbonatites from the Canadian and Baltic Shields, and the Canadian Cordillera: clues to mantle evolution. Miner Petrol 98, 11–54 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-009-0054-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-009-0054-5

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