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Rhyolites of the Mbépit Massif in the Cameroon Volcanic Line: an early extrusive volcanic episode of Eocene age

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Abstract

The Mbépit Massif, one of the oldest volcanoes of the Cameroon Volcanic Line, was built up during the Eocene (40K/40Ar ages of 45.5 and 44.0 Ma). Located in the Eastern part of the Noun Plain, North-East of Foumbot, this massif is made up mainly of rhyolitic domes and thick, viscous lava flows. Such felsic lavas are rather rare in the Cameroon Volcanic Line. Most rhyolites are porphyritic and contain phenocrysts of K-feldspars (Or97–89), Na-feldspars (Ab99–88) and quartz. Scarce Fe–Ti oxides comprise titanohaematite and hemo-ilmenite. Owing to their low CaO contents, rhyolite compositions range from metaluminous to peraluminous (with normative corundum) and less commonly, peralkaline (normative aegirine). Chondrite-normalised REE patterns show LREE enrichment; and LaN/YbN ratios between 12.2 and 17.2, with prominent negative Eu anomalies (0.16 < Eu/Eu* < 0.62). The Th/Ta ratios range between 2.6 and 3. Initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7047 and 0.7050) and 143Nd/144Nd ratios (0.5125 and 0.5126, εNd of −1.04 to +1.22) suggest mantle sources (HIMU (high µ with μ = 238U/204Pb), EM (Enriched Mantle), FOZO (FOcal ZOne) components) of the rhyolites accompanied by little or no crustal contamination.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been supported by the SCAC (Service de Coopération et d’Action Culturelle de la France, Yaoundé, Cameroon), EGIDE (Centre français pour l’accueil et les échanges internationaux) and the French Government. D. Demaiffe has done isotopic analyses at Laboratoire de Géochimie Isotopique, Université Libre de Bruxelles. J. C. Philippet has done K-Ar dating at Université de Bretagne Occidentale. Figures have been drawn by L. Daumas and L. Delabesse. B. Bonin, J.P. Liégeois, A.R. McBirney and A. Nédélec are thanked for useful remarks. Careful reviews by M. Okrusch, C. Breitkreuz and V. von Seckendorff have greatly improved the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Géologie, École Normale Supérieure, Université de Yaoundé I, BP 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon

    Pierre Wandji

  2. Département des Sciences de la Terre, Université de Yaoundé I, BP 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon

    Dieudonné Tchokona Seuwui

  3. Laboratoire de Pétrographie-Volcanologie, bât 504, Université Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay Cédex, France

    Jacques-Marie Bardintzeff & Bernard Platevoet

  4. IUFM, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, RP 815, 78008, Versailles, France

    Jacques-Marie Bardintzeff

  5. UMR 6538 Domaines océaniques, IUEM, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 av. Le Gorgeu, CS 93837, 29238, Brest Cédex 3, France

    Hervé Bellon

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Wandji, P., Tchokona Seuwui, D., Bardintzeff, JM. et al. Rhyolites of the Mbépit Massif in the Cameroon Volcanic Line: an early extrusive volcanic episode of Eocene age. Miner Petrol 94, 271–286 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-008-0013-6

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