Abstract
Genetic resistance is the main strategy to control Fusarium wilt in common bean. Despite this, few studies have focused on defense mechanisms involved in bean resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli (Fop). Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the changes in xylem morphology and involvement of phenylpropanoid compounds and their biosynthetic enzymes in bean resistance against Fop. Uirapuru and UFSC-01 genotypes characterized, respectively, as susceptible and resistant were used. In roots and hypocotyls, guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were determined at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 days after inoculation (dai), and flavonoids, total phenolics, and lignin content were quantified at 0, 3, and 6 dai. Cross sections of taproots and hypocotyls were examined under epifluorescence (at 1, 3, and 6 dai) and transmission electron (at 6 dai) microscopic to analyze the morphology of xylem cell walls. Overall, there was an increase in the activity of all studied enzymes in resistant bean plants, mainly during advanced colonization stages. Modifications in xylem morphology were more intense in roots of resistant genotype resulting in an increase of occluded cells, organelles, and cell wall strengthening. This study provides evidence that bean resistance is associated with increased phenylpropanoid enzymatic activity and cell wall reinforcement of some xylem cells.
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FRGF gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the National Secretariat for Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation (SENESCYT), Ecuador, and of the Student Program-Covenant Postgraduate (PEC-PG/CAPES), Brazil, by jointly awarded PhD Scholarship. MJS and ZLB are research members of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq).
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FRGF, ZLB, JLBO, and MJS conceived and designed research. FRGF, CF, and FMQ conducted experiments and the analyses. FRGF, FMQ, and MCB contributed new reagents or analytical tools. FRGF and FMQ analyzed data. FRGF, FMQ, and MJS wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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Garcés-Fiallos, F.R., de Quadros, F.M., Ferreira, C. et al. Changes in xylem morphology and activity of defense-related enzymes are associated with bean resistance during Fusarium oxysporum colonization. Protoplasma 259, 717–729 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-021-01691-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-021-01691-5