Abstract
Enzyme immobilization can improve the catalytic activity and stability against temperature, pH, and various environmental conditions. In this study, carboxyl-functionalized chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticle was synthesized and used as a support for the immobilization of laccase. The synthesized nanoparticle was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy. In order to investigate the stability of the enzyme to pH changes, the activities of free and immobilized enzymes were measured at different pH values ranging from 2.0 to 8.0. The thermal stability and storage stability of the enzymes were also studied. Kinetic parameters and reusability were evaluated for both free and immobilized enzymes. The results showed that the magnetic nanoparticles and carboxyl-functionalized chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles are spherical with dispersed size distribution and zeta-potential of − 33.4 and + 1.95 mV, respectively. Based on our observations, the maximum activity of the enzyme was shifted toward higher temperatures after the immobilization. Furthermore, the immobilized laccase retained 80% of its initial activity after 120 days, while free enzyme maintained only 50% of its initial activity during the same period. The values of Michealis-Menten constant and maximum velocity for immobilized laccase were 0.113 mM and 1.27 µM min−1, respectively, whereas the values for free enzyme were 0.093 mM and 1.79 µM min−1, respectively. Both free and immobilized laccase exhibited optimum activities at pH 3.0 and decreasing trends were found at pH values more than 5 but immobilized laccase preserved its high activity at a wide range of pH compared with that of free laccase. In particular, it can be used at higher temperatures and broader pH with improved storage stability and reusability, demonstrating the superior potential of bioremediation utilizing this immobilization method.
Graphical abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability statement
All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.
References
Silva C, Martins M, Jing S, Fu J, Cavaco-Paulo A (2018) Crit Rev Biotechnol 38:335
Tarasi R, Alipour M, Gorgannezhad L, Imanparast S, Yousefi-Ahmadipour A, Ramezani A, Ganjali MR, Shafiee A, Faramarzi MA, Khoobi M (2018) Macromol Res 26:755
Zhang K, Yang W, Liu Y, Zhang K, Chen Y, Yin X (2020) J Mol Struct 1220:128769
Chen X, He B, Feng M, Zhao D, Sun J (2020) Chin J Chem Eng 28:2152
Nguyen HH, Kim M (2017) Appl Sci Converg Technol 26:157
Jamil F, Asgher M, Hussain F, Bhatti HN (2018) J Animal Plant Sci 28:2
Qiu X, Wang S, Miao S, Suo H, Xu H, Hu Y (2021) J Hazard Mater 401:123353
Dal Magro L, Pessoa JPS, Klein MP, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rodrigues RC (2021) Catal Today 362:184
Ashjari M, Garmroodi M, Asl FA, Emampour M, Yousefi M, Lish MP, Habibi Z, Mohammadi M (2020) Process Biochem 90:156
Fernandez-Lafuente R (2009) Technol 45:405
Sannino F, Costantini A, Ruffo F, Aronne A, Venezia V, Califano V (2020) J Nanomater 10:108
Janusz G, Pawlik A, Świderska-Burek U, Polak J, Sulej J, Jarosz-Wilkołazka A, Paszczyński A (2013) Int J Mol Sci 21:966
Costa JB, Lima MJ, Sampaio MJ, Neves MC, Faria JL, Morales-Torres S, Tavares AP, Silva CG (2019) J Chem Eng 355:974
Kim HJ, Jin JN, Kan E, Kim KJ, Lee SH (2017) Biotechnol Bioproc E 22:89
Mogharabi M, Nassiri-Koopaei N, Bozorgi-Koushalshahi M, Nafissi-Varcheh N, Bagherzadeh G, Faramarzi. (2012) Immobilization of laccase in alginate-gelatin mixed gel and decolorization of synthetic dyes. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2012:823830
Xing X, Han Y, Jiang Q, Sun Y, Wang X, Qu G, Sun G, Li Y (2021) Cellulose 28:4793
Liu DM, Dong C (2020) Process Biochem 92:464
Vaghari H, Jafarizadeh-Malmiri H, Mohammadlou M, Berenjian A, Anarjan N, Jafari N, Nasiri S (2015) Biotechnol Lett 38:223
Xia TT, Liu CZ, Hu JH, Guo C (2016) J Chem Eng 295:201
Sun J, Yang L, Jiang M, Xu B (2017) J Chromatogr B 1054:57
Wu M, Long Z, Xiao H, Dong C (2016) Carbohydr Res 434:27
Chang YC, Chen DH (2005) Macromol Biosci 5:254
Nouri M (2020) Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 29:101681
Bertrand T, Jolivalt C, Briozzo P, Caminade E, Joly N, Madzak C, Mougin C (2002) Biochem J 41:7325
Parandhaman T, Pentela N, Ramalingam B, Samanta D, Das SK (2017) ACS Sustain Chem Eng 5:489
Aydemir T, Güler S (2015) Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 43:425
Jiang DS, Long SY, Huang J, Xiao HY, Zhou JY (2005) Biochem Eng J 25:15
Abdollahi M, Zeinali S, Nasirimoghaddam S, Sabbaghi S (2015) Desalin Water Treat 56:2092
Das A, Singh J, Yogalakshmi KN (2019) Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 117:183
Zhu A, Yuan L, Liao T (2007) Int J Pharm 350:361
Ding Y, Shen SZ, Sun H, Sun K, Liu F, Qi Y, Yan J (2015) Mater Sci Eng C 48:487
López-Cruz A, Barrera C, Calero-DdelC VL, Rinaldi C (2009) J Mater Chem 19:6870
Mohammadi M, Ashabi MA, Salehi P, Yousefi M, Nazari M, Brask J (2018) J Biol Macromol 109:443
Sampaio LM, Padrão J, Faria J, Silva JP, Silva CJ, Dourado F, Zille A (2016) Carbohydr Polym 145:1
Jaiswal N, Pandey VP, Dwivedi UN (2016) Int J Biol Macromol 86:288
Fernandes RA, Daniel-da-Silva AL, Tavares AP, Xavier AM (2017) Chem Eng Sci 158:599
Nicolucci C, Rossi S, Menale C, Godjevargova T, Ivanov Y, Bianco M, Mita L, Bencivenga U, Mita DG, Diano N (2011) Biodegradation 22:673
Aricov L, Leonties AR, Gîfu IC, Preda D, Raducan A, Anghel DF (2020) J Environ Manage 276:111326
Rekuć A, Jastrzembska B, Liesiene J, Bryjak J (2009) J Mol Catal B Enzym 57:216
Fortes CC, Daniel-da-Silva AL, Xavier AM, Tavares AP (2017) Chem Eng Process 117:1
Alver E, Metin AÜ (2017) Int Biodeterior Biodegradation 125:235
Bilal M, Asgher M (2016) J Mol Catal B Enzym 128:82
Bilal M, Asgher M, Shahid M, Bhatti HN (2016) Int J Biol Macromol 86:728
Mohidem NA, Bin Mat H (2012) J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 61:96
Ulu A, Birhanli E, Boran F, Köytepe S, Yesilada O, Ateş B (2020) Int J Biol Macromol 150:871
Silveira TR, Ebling CD, Dal Magro L, Rodrigues RC, Schneider WDH, Camassola M, de Menezes EW, Meneguzzi Á, Klein MP (2020) Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 30:101859
Fang H, Huang J, Ding L, Li M, Chen Z (2009) J Wuhan Univ Technol Mater Sci Ed 24:42
Xu R, Zhou Q, Li F, Zhang B (2013) J Chem Eng 222:321
Kunamneni A, Ghazi I, Camarero S, Ballesteros A, Plou FJ, Alcalde M (2008) Process Biochem 43:169
Asgher M, Noreen S, Bilal M (2017) Chem Eng Res Des 119:1
Huang J, Liu C, Xiao H, Wang J, Jiang D, Gu E (2007) Int J Nanomedicine 2:775
Wang Y, Zhang D, He FR, Chen XC (2011) Chin Chem Lett 23:197
Zhu Y, Kaskel S, Shi J, Wage T, van Pée KH (2007) Chem Mater 19:6408
Bayramoğlu G, Arıca MY (2009) Mater Sci Eng C 29:1990
Caramori SS, Fernandes KF (2008) Mater Sci Eng C 28:1159
Metin AÜ (2013) Macromol Res 21:1145
Muthuvelu KS, Rajarathinam R, Selvaraj RN, Rajendren VB (2020) Int J Biol Macromol 152:1098
Perwez M, Ahmad R, Sardar M (2017) Int J Biol Macromol 103:16
Skoronski E, Fernandes M, Magalhães MDLB, Da Silva GF, João JJ, Soares CHL, Júnior AF (2014) Molecules 10:16794
Apriceno A, Silvestro I, Girelli A, Francolini I, Pietrelli L, Piozzi A (2021) Polymers 13:1453
Alsaiari NS, Amari A, Katubi KM, Alzahrani FM, Harharah HN, Rebah FB, Tahoon MA (2021) Appl Sci 11:8216
Zhou YT, Nie HL, Branford-White C, He ZY, Zhu LM (2009) J Colloid Interface Sci 330:29
Acknowledgements
This study was carried out by the Biochemistry research laboratory of the university of Mazandaran. We would like to appreciate all the participants who took part in this investigation.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Maftoon, H., Taravati, A. & Tohidi, F. Immobilization of laccase on carboxyl-functionalized chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles with improved stability and reusability. Monatsh Chem 154, 279–291 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-022-03029-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-022-03029-0