Summary.
Emodic amine could be synthesized in a five-step approach in excellent overall yield by following a modified Curtius rearrangement strategy, starting from the naturally occurring emodin. This unique emodin derived 6-amino substituted polyhydroxylated anthraquinone may serve as a promising synthon for a new class of amino functionalized photodynamically active hypericin derivatives. In addition, the partially O-methyl protected 6-amino- and 6-carboxy-anthraquinones could be synthesized in high yields via selective O-methyl ether cleavage from the corresponding tri-O-methyl derivatives.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
YC Kuo CM Sun JC Ou WJ Tsai (1997) Life Sci 61 2335 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0024-3205(97)00937-5 Occurrence Handle9408056
T Ubbink-Kok JA Anderson WN Konings (1986) Antimicrob Agents Chem 30 147
PA Cohen JB Hudson GHN Toweres (1996) Experientia 52 180 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF01923366 Occurrence Handle8608821
X Jing N Ueki J Cheng H Imanishi T Hada (2002) Jpn J Cancer R 93 874
Falk H (1999) Angew Chem 111: 3306; Angew Chem Int Ed 38: 3116
For most of the compounds within this work a numbering and nomenclature not strictly conform to the IUPAC rules was chosen to provide a more illustrative comparison of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopical data
G Keller W Steglich (1987) Phytochemistry 26 2119 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81776-8
L Teich KS Daub V Krügel L Nissler R Gebhardt K Eger (2004) Bioorg Med Chem 12 5961 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.bmc.2004.08.024 Occurrence Handle15498672
Müller E, Bayer O (1979) Methoden der Organischen Chemie (Houben-Weyl), 4th ed, vol VII/3c
T Curtius (1890) Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 23 3023
AW Hofmann (1881) Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 14 2725
W Lossen (1872) Justus Liebigs Ann Chem 161 347
KF Schmidt (1923) Angew Chem 36 511
H Falk J Meyer M Oberreiter (1993) Monatsh Chem 124 339 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00810594
B Lackner Y Popova C Etzlstorfer AA Smelcerovic CW Klampfl H Falk (2005) Monatsh Chem 136 777 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00706-004-0275-6
H Falk TNH Tran (1996) Monatsh Chem 127 717 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00817262
WM Owton M Brunavs MV Miles DR Dobson DJ Stegghs (1995) J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, Org Bio-Org Chem 7 931
Di Napoli G (1998) Eur Pat Appl EP 0 822 178 A1
TL Capson CD Poulter (1984) Tetrahedron Lett 25 3515 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0040-4039(01)91063-9
T Shioiri K Ninimiya S Yamada (1972) J Am Chem Soc 94 6203 Occurrence Handle10.1021/ja00772a052 Occurrence Handle5054412
W Steglich W Reininger (1970) J Chem Soc Chem Commun 3 178
M Waser B Lackner J Zuschrader N Müller H Falk (2005) Tetrahedron Lett 46 2377 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.02.061
H Brockmann F Kluge H Muxfeldt (1957) Chem Ber 90 2302
Hassall CH, Morgan BA (1973) J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1, 2853
JL Bloomer KW Stagliano JA Gazillo (1993) J Org Chem 58 7906 Occurrence Handle10.1021/jo00079a042
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lackner, B., Bretterbauer, K. & Falk, H. An Efficient Route to Emodic Amine and Analogous O-Methyl Protected Derivatives Starting from Emodin. Monatsh. Chem. 136, 1629–1639 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-005-0350-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-005-0350-7