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Biological characterization of wild-bird-origin avian avulavirus 1 and efficacy of currently applied vaccines against potential infection in commercial poultry

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Abstract

Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the type member of the species Avian avulavirus 1 (formerly known as avian paramyxovirus serotype 1), causes a highly contagious and economically important disease in a myriad of avian species around the globe. While extensive vaccination programs have been implemented in ND-endemic countries, the disease is continuously spreading in commercial, backyard, and wild captive poultry. In order to investigate the evolution of the virus and assess the efficiency of the vaccine regimens that are currently being applied in commercial poultry, four wild-bird-origin NDV strains were characterized biologically, based on mean death time and intracerebral pathogenicity index, and genetically, based on the cleavage motif (112RRQKRF117) in the fusion (F) protein. Based on these features, all of the isolates were characterized as velogenic strains of NDV. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome sequence revealed clustering of these isolates within class II, genotype VII. This class of NDV remains the predominant genotype in the Egyptian poultry industry, as well as in those of many Asian and African countries. To investigate the potential of these wild-bird-origin NDV isolates to cause infection in domesticated poultry and to assess the efficacy of currently available vaccines for protection of commercial poultry, an extensive animal challenge experiment was performed. Cumulative clinicopathological and immunological investigations of virus-challenged chickens indicate that these isolates can potentially be transmitted between chicken and cause systemic infections, and the currently applied vaccines are unable to prevent clinical disease and virus shedding. Taken together, the data represent a comprehensive evaluation of the ability of Egyptian wild-bird-origin NDV strains to cause infection in commercial poultry and highlights the need for a continuous and large-scale surveillance as well as revised vaccine approaches. These integrated and multifaceted strategies would be crucial in any efforts to control and eradicate the disease globally.

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Acknowledgements

This project was supported via a PhD scholarship to Rania El Naggar from the Culture Affairs and Mission Sector, Ministry of Higher Education, Government of Egypt. We would also like to thank the British Council’s STDF Institutional Links programme between the UK and Egypt (Grant number 332228521) for providing additional financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat, 32897, Egypt

    Rania F. El Naggar & AbdelHamid H. Bazid

  2. The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK

    Rania F. El Naggar, Mohammed A. Rohaim & Muhammad Munir

  3. Division of Biomedical and Life Science, Lancaster University, Lancashire, LA1 4TB, UK

    Rania F. El Naggar, Mohammed A. Rohaim & Muhammad Munir

  4. Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt

    Mohammed A. Rohaim & Hussein A. Hussein

  5. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt

    Kawkab A. Ahmed

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  1. Rania F. El Naggar
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  2. Mohammed A. Rohaim
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Correspondence to Muhammad Munir.

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We declare that we have no significant competing financial, professional or personal interests that might have influenced the performance or presentation of the work described in this report.

Ethical approval

All animal studies and procedures were carried out in strict accordance with the guidance and regulations of animal welfare and health. As part of this process, the work approved by the Ethics Committee at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt, and The Pirbright Institute, UK.

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El Naggar, R.F., Rohaim, M.A., Bazid, A.H. et al. Biological characterization of wild-bird-origin avian avulavirus 1 and efficacy of currently applied vaccines against potential infection in commercial poultry. Arch Virol 163, 2743–2755 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-018-3916-5

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