Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Determination of the 5′-terminal sequence of subgenomic RNA of hepatitis E virus strains in cultured cells

  • BRIEF REPORT
  • Published:
Archives of Virology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Using RNA preparations extracted from PLC/PRF/5 cells transfected with infectious genotype 3 hepatitis E virus (HEV) cDNA clones or inoculated with a fecal suspension containing a genotype 4 HEV, the 5′-terminal sequence of a 2.2-kb subgenomic RNA of genotype 3 and 4 HEVs was determined. Despite an insertion of T after nucleotide 5116 or an ORF3-null mutation in genotype 4 HEV and/or one of the genotype 3 variants, it was found that the subgenomic RNA of genotype 3 and 4 HEVs initiates exclusively at nucleotide 5122 with the common sequence of 5′-GC, which is identical to that of the prototype genotype 1 HEV.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

References

  1. Amon JJ, Drobeniuc J, Bower WA, Magana JC, Escobedo MA, Williams IT, Bell BP, Armstrong GL (2006) Locally acquired hepatitis E virus infection, El Paso, Texas. J Med Virol 78:741–746

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Emerson SU, Anderson D, Arankalle A, Meng XJ, Purdy M, Schlauder GG, Tsarev SA (2005) Hepevirus. In: Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, Desselberger U, Ball LA (eds) Virus taxonomy: the eighth report of the international committee on taxonomy of viruses. Elsevier/Academic Press, London, pp 853–857

  3. Emerson SU, Nguyen H, Graff J, Stephany DA, Brockington A, Purcell RH (2004) In vitro replication of hepatitis E virus (HEV) genomes and of an HEV replicon expressing green fluorescent protein. J Virol 78:4838–4846

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Emerson SU, Purcell RH (2007) Hepatitis E virus. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, Griffin DE, Lamb RA, Martin MA, Roizman B, Straus SE (eds) Fields virology, 5th edn. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 3046–3058

    Google Scholar 

  5. Graff J, Nguyen H, Yu C, Elkins WR, St Claire M, Purcell RH, Emerson SU (2005) The open reading frame 3 gene of hepatitis E virus contains a cis-reactive element and encodes a protein required for infection of macaques. J Virol 79:6680–6689

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Graff J, Torian U, Nguyen H, Emerson SU (2006) A bicistronic subgenomic mRNA encodes both the ORF2 and ORF3 proteins of hepatitis E virus. J Virol 80:5919–5926

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Holland J, Spindler K, Horodyski F, Grabau E, Nichol S, VandePol S (1982) Rapid evolution of RNA genomes. Science 215:1577–1585

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Huang YW, Opriessnig T, Halbur PG, Meng XJ (2007) Initiation at the third in-frame AUG codon of open reading frame 3 of the hepatitis E virus is essential for viral infectivity in vivo. J Virol 81:3018–3026

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Ijaz S, Arnold E, Banks M, Bendall RP, Cramp ME, Cunningham R, Dalton HR, Harrison TJ, Hill SF, Macfarlane L, Meigh RE, Shafi S, Sheppard MJ, Smithson J, Wilson MP, Teo CG (2005) Non-travel-associated hepatitis E in England and Wales: demographic, clinical, and molecular epidemiological characteristics. J Infect Dis 192:1166–1172

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Lorenzo FR, Tanaka T, Takahashi H, Ichiyama K, Hoshino Y, Yamada K, Inoue J, Takahashi M, Okamoto H (2008) Mutational events during the primary propagation and consecutive passages of hepatitis E virus strain JE03–1760F in cell culture. Virus Res 137:86–96

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Lu L, Li C, Hagedorn CH (2006) Phylogenetic analysis of global hepatitis E virus sequences: genetic diversity, subtypes and zoonosis. Rev Med Virol 16:5–36

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Mansuy JM, Peron JM, Abravanel F, Poirson H, Dubois M, Miedouge M, Vischi F, Alric L, Vinel JP, Izopet J (2004) Hepatitis E in the south west of France in individuals who have never visited an endemic area. J Med Virol 74:419–424

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Meng XJ (2005) Hepatitis E as a zoonotic disease. In: Thomas HC, Lemon S, Zuckerman AJ (eds) Viral hepatitis, 3rd edn. Blackwell, Malden, pp 611–623

    Google Scholar 

  14. Mizuo H, Suzuki K, Takikawa Y, Sugai Y, Tokita H, Akahane Y, Itoh K, Gotanda Y, Takahashi M, Nishizawa T, Okamoto H (2002) Polyphyletic strains of hepatitis E virus are responsible for sporadic cases of acute hepatitis in Japan. J Clin Microbiol 40:3209–3218

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Nishizawa T, Takahashi M, Mizuo H, Miyajima H, Gotanda Y, Okamoto H (2003) Characterization of Japanese swine and human hepatitis E virus isolates of genotype IV with 99% identity over the entire genome. J Gen Virol 84:1245–1251

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Okamoto H (2007) Genetic variability and evolution of hepatitis E virus. Virus Res 127:216–228

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Okamoto H, Takahashi M, Nishizawa T (2003) Features of hepatitis E virus infection in Japan. Intern Med 42:1065–1071

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Perrault J (1981) Origin and replication of defective interfering particles. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 93:151–207

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Ray R, Jameel S, Manivel V, Ray R (1992) Indian hepatitis E virus shows a major deletion in the small open reading frame. Virology 189:359–362

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Schlauder GG, Mushahwar IK (2001) Genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis E virus. J Med Virol 65:282–292

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Smith JL (2001) A review of hepatitis E virus. J Food Prot 64:572–586

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Sonoda H, Abe M, Sugimoto T, Sato Y, Bando M, Fukui E, Mizuo H, Takahashi M, Nishizawa T, Okamoto H (2004) Prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in wild boars and deer and genetic identification of a genotype 3 HEV from a boar in Japan. J Clin Microbiol 42:5371–5374

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Takahashi K, Kitajima N, Abe N, Mishiro S (2004) Complete or near-complete nucleotide sequences of hepatitis E virus genome recovered from a wild boar, a deer, and four patients who ate the deer. Virology 330:501–505

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Takahashi M, Nishizawa T, Yoshikawa A, Sato S, Isoda N, Ido K, Sugano K, Okamoto H (2002) Identification of two distinct genotypes of hepatitis E virus in a Japanese patient with acute hepatitis who had not travelled abroad. J Gen Virol 83:1931–1940

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Takahashi M, Nishizawa T, Miyajima H, Gotanda Y, Iita T, Tsuda F, Okamoto H (2003) Swine hepatitis E virus strains in Japan form four phylogenetic clusters comparable with those of Japanese isolates of human hepatitis E virus. J Gen Virol 84:851–862

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Takahashi M, Tanaka T, Azuma M, Kusano E, Aikawa T, Shibayama T, Yazaki Y, Mizuo H, Inoue J, Okamoto H (2007) Prolonged fecal shedding of hepatitis E virus (HEV) during sporadic acute hepatitis E: evaluation of infectivity of HEV in fecal specimens in a cell culture system. J Clin Microbiol 45:3671–3679

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Takahashi M, Hoshino Y, Tanaka T, Takahashi H, Nishizawa T, Okamoto H (2008) Production of monoclonal antibodies against hepatitis E virus capsid protein and evaluation of their neutralizing activity in a cell culture system. Arch Virol 153:657–666

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Tam AW, Smith MM, Guerra ME, Huang C, Bradley DW, Fry KE, Reyes GR (1991) Hepatitis E virus (HEV): molecular cloning and sequence of the full-length viral genome. Virology 185:120–130

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Tanaka T, Takahashi M, Kusano E, Okamoto H (2007) Development and evaluation of an efficient cell-culture system for hepatitis E virus. J Gen Virol 88:903–911

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Tanaka T, Takahashi M, Takahashi H, Ichiyama K, Hoshino Y, Nagashima S, Mizuo H, Okamoto H (2009) Development and characterization of a genotype 4 hepatitis E virus cell culture system using a HE-JF5/15F strain recovered from a fulminant hepatitis patient. J Clin Microbiol 47:1906–1910

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Tei S, Kitajima N, Takahashi K, Mishiro S (2003) Zoonotic transmission of hepatitis E virus from deer to human beings. Lancet 362:371–373

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Wang Y, Zhang H, Ling R, Li H, Harrison TJ (2000) The complete sequence of hepatitis E virus genotype 4 reveals an alternative strategy for translation of open reading frames 2 and 3. J Gen Virol 81:1675–1686

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Yamada K, Takahashi M, Hoshino Y, Takahashi H, Ichiyama K, Tanaka T, Okamoto H (2009) Construction of an infectious cDNA clone of hepatitis E virus strain JE03–1760F that can propagate efficiently in cultured cells. J Gen Virol 90:457–462

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Yamada K, Takahashi M, Hoshino Y, Takahashi H, Ichiyama K, Nagashima S, Tanaka T, Okamoto H (2009) ORF3 protein of hepatitis E virus is essential for virion release from infected cells. J Gen Virol 90:1880–1891

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Yazaki Y, Mizuo H, Takahashi M, Nishizawa T, Sasaki N, Gotanda Y, Okamoto H (2003) Sporadic acute or fulminant hepatitis E in Hokkaido, Japan, may be food-borne, as suggested by the presence of hepatitis E virus in pig liver as food. J Gen Virol 84:2351–2357

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Zhao C, Ma Z, Harrison TJ, Feng R, Zhang C, Qiao Z, Fan J, Ma H, Li M, Song A, Wang Y (2009) A novel genotype of hepatitis E virus prevalent among farmed rabbits in China. J Med Virol 81:1371–1379

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was supported in part by grants from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, and the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan

    Koji Ichiyama, Kentaro Yamada, Toshinori Tanaka, Shigeo Nagashima,  Jirintai, Masaharu Takahashi & Hiroaki Okamoto

Authors
  1. Koji Ichiyama
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kentaro Yamada
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Toshinori Tanaka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shigeo Nagashima
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jirintai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Masaharu Takahashi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Hiroaki Okamoto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hiroaki Okamoto.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ichiyama, K., Yamada, K., Tanaka, T. et al. Determination of the 5′-terminal sequence of subgenomic RNA of hepatitis E virus strains in cultured cells. Arch Virol 154, 1945–1951 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-009-0538-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-009-0538-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation