Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A nanocomposite consisting of cuprous oxide supported on graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Microchimica Acta Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Graphitic carbon nitrides supported cuprous oxide architecture is reported as an efficient electrode material for supercapacitors, especially due to its high charge-transfer conductivity of the electrochemical devices. Herein, we present an electrochemical sensor to specifically detect 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-HDG) oxidative stress biomarker using graphitic carbon nitrides that decorate a cuprous oxide cubes modified electrode. The fabricated electrochemical sensor was characterized and proved by electrochemical methods, EDX, FESEM, and amperometry (i–t). In the presence of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-HDG), the effective interaction between graphitic carbon nitrides and 8-HDG favors the accumulation on the Cu2O/g-C3N4/GCE, which increases the electrocatalytic property and amperometric response. The proposed electrochemical sensor exhibits a wide linear range for 8-HDG in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) from 25 nM to 0.91 mM, and the limit of detection (LOD) is 4.5 nM. The stability of the Cu2O/g-C3N4/GCE is improved when stored at 4 °C. The repeatability and reproducibility of this electrochemical sensor is good and the sensor retains its  current response for 8-HDG detection also after long time storage. The modified sensor proved high selectivity and sensitivity for 8-HDG, which made it possible to determine 8-HDG in biological samples. Furthermore, the Cu2O/g-C3N4/GCE offered a favorable electron transfer between the Cu2O/g-C3N4 and the electrode interface compared to Cu2O/GCE, g-C3N4/GCE, and unmodified GCE.

Electrochemical detection of oxidative stress marker based on Cu2O@g-C3N4 materials modified electrode.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Scheme 1
Scheme 2
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zhang W, Hu X, Shen Q, Xing D (2019) Mitochondria-specific drug release and reactive oxygen species burst induced by polyprodrug nanoreactors can enhance chemotherapy. Nat Commun 10:1–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Yan KC, Sedgwick AC, Zang Y, Chen HXP, Li J, Yoon J, James TD (2019) Sensors, imaging agents, and theranostics to help understand and treat reactive oxygen species related diseases. Small Methods 3:1900013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Wei W, Wei M, Yin L, Pu Y, Liu S (2018) Improving the fluorometric determination of the cancer biomarker 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine by using a 3D DNA nanomachine. Microchim Acta 185:494

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Su Y, Song H, Lv Y (2019) Recent advances in chemiluminescence for reactive oxygen species sensing and imaging analysis. Microchem J 146:83–97

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Guo H, Niu CG, Feng CY, Liang C, Zhang L, Wen XJ, Yang Y, Liu HY, Li L, Lin LS (2020) Steering exciton dissociation and charge migration in green synthetic oxygen-substituted ultrathin porous graphitic carbon nitride for boosted photocatalytic reactive oxygen species generation. Chem Eng J 385:123919

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Valavanidis A, Vlachogianni T, Fiotakis C (2009) 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG): a critical biomarker of oxidative stress and carcinogenesis. J Environ Sci Health Part C 27:120–139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Okamoto K, Toyokuni S, Uchida K, Ogawa O, Takenewa J, Kakehi Y, Kinoshita H, Hattori-Nakakuki Y, Hiai H, Yoshida O (1994) Formation of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-modified proteins in human renal-cell carcinoma. Int J ancer 58:825–829

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Govindasamy M, Wang SF, Subramanian B, Ramalingam RJ, Al-Lohedan H, Sathiyan A (2019) A novel electrochemical sensor for determination of DNA damage biomarker (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine) in urine using sonochemically derived graphene oxide sheets covered zinc oxide flower modified electrode. Ultrason Sonochem 58:104622

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Kogularasu S, Govindasamy M, Chen SM, Akilarasan M, Mani V (2017) 3D graphene oxide-cobalt oxide polyhedrons for highly sensitive non-enzymatic electrochemical determination of hydrogen peroxide. Sensors Actuators B Chem 253:773–783

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Mani V, Govindasamy V, Chen SM, Chen SW, Kumar AS, Huang ST (2017) Core-shell heterostructured multiwalled carbon nanotubes@ reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons/chitosan, a robust nanobiocomposite for enzymatic biosensing of hydrogen peroxide and nitrite. Sci Rep 7:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Faria AM, Peixoto EB, Adamo CB, Flacker A, Longo E, Mazon T (2020) Author correction: controlling parameters and characteristics of electrochemical biosensors for enhanced detection of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine. Sci Rep 10:1–1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Huang YD, Hou J, Xu T, Yin WJ, Cheng J, Zheng HY, Yuan J (2020) Non-linear relationships between seasonal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine levels among Chinese young students. Chemosphere 126352:126352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126352

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Jia LP, Feng Z, Zhao RN, Ma RN, Zhang W, Shang L, Jia WL, Wang HS (2020) Enzyme-free and triple-amplified electrochemical sensing of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine by three kinds of short pDNA-driven catalyzed hairpin assemblies followed by a hybridization chain reaction. Analyst 145:3605–3611. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0an00233j

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Hainsworth DP, Gangula A, Ghoshdastidar S, Kannan R, Upendran A (2020) Diabetic retinopathy screening using a gold nanoparticle–based paper strip assay for the at-home detection of the urinary biomarker 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Am J Ophthal 213:306–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2020.01.032

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Chen D, Xu H (2019) Simultaneous HPLC-MS determination of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, 3-hydroxyphenanthrene and 1-hydroxypyrene after online in-tube solid phase microextraction using a graphene oxide/poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/polypyrrole composite. Microchim Acta 186:300

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Cao L, Dai P, Zhu L, Yan L, Chen R, Liu D, Gu X, Li L, Xue Q, Zhao X (2020) Graphitic carbon nitride catalyzes selective oxidative dehydrogenation of propane. Appl Catal B 262:118277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Yi J, El-Alami W, Song Y, Li H, Ajayan PM, Xu H (2020) Emerging surface strategies on graphitic carbon nitride for solar driven water splitting. Chem Eng J 382:122812

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Korkut SE, Küçükkeçeci HS, Metin ON (2020) Mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride/black phosphorus/AgPd alloy nanoparticles ternary Nanocomposite: a highly efficient catalyst for the methanolysis of ammonia borane. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 12:8130–8139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Sheng W, Li W, Tan D, Zhang P, Zhang E, Sheremet E, Schmidt PV, Feng X, Rodriguez RD, Jordan R (2020) Polymer brushes on graphitic carbon nitride for patterning and as a SERS active sensing layer via incorporated nanoparticles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 12:9797–9805

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Khamrai J, Ghosh I, Savateev A, Antonietti M, König B (2020) Photo-Ni-dual-catalytic C (sp2)–C (sp3) cross-coupling reactions with mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride as a heterogeneous organic semiconductor photocatalyst. ACS Catal 10:526–3532

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Vinoth S, Govindasamy M, Wang SF, Anandaraj S (2020) Layered nanocomposite of zinc sulfide covered reduced graphene oxide and their implications for electrocatalytic applications. Ultrason Sonochem 64:2105036

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Govindasamy M, Wang SF, Jothiramalingam R, Ibrahim SN, Al-Lohedan HA (2019) A screen-printed electrode modified with tungsten disulfide nanosheets for nanomolar detection of the arsenic drug roxarsone. Microchim Acta 186:420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Rajaji U, Murugan K, Chen SM, Govindasamy M, Chen TW, Lin PH (2019) Graphene oxide encapsulated 3D porous chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) nanocomposite as an emerging electrocatalyst for agro-hazardous (methyl paraoxon) detection in vegetables. Composites Part B 160:268–276

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Sun L, Deng Q, Li Y, Deng L, Wang Y, Ren X, Zhang P (2016) Solvothermal synthesis of ternary Cu2O-CuO-RGO composites as anode materials for high performance lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 222:1650–1659

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Hou Y, Zuo F, Dagg AP, Liu J, Feng P (2014) Branched WO3 nanosheet array with layered C3N4 heterojunctions and CoOx nanoparticles as a flexible photoanode for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Adv Mater 26:5043–5049

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Gusain R, Kumar P, Sharma OP, Jain SL, Khatri OP (2016) Reduced graphene oxide–CuO nanocomposites for photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into methanol under visible light irradiation. Appl Catal B 181:352–362

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Hao Q, Zhao D, Duan H, Xu C (2015) Porous Co3O4/CuO composite assembled from nanosheets as high-performance anodes for lithium-ion batteries. ChemSusChem 8:1435–1441

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Besant JD, Das J, Sargent EH, Kelley SO (2013) Proximal bacterial lysis and detection in nanoliter wells using electrochemistry. ACS Nano 7:8183–8189

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Muthumariappan A, Govindasamy M, Chen SM, Sakthivel K, Mani V (2017) Screen-printed electrode modified with a composite prepared from graphene oxide nanosheets and Mn3O4 microcubes for ultrasensitive determination of nitrite. Microchim Acta 184:3625–3634

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Govindasamy M, Wang SF, Pan WC, Subramanian B, Ramalingam RJ, Al-Lohedan H (2019) Facile sonochemical synthesis of perovskite-type SrTiO3 nanocubes with reduced graphene oxide nanocatalyst for an enhanced electrochemical detection of α-amino acid (tryptophan). Ultrason Sonochem 56:193–199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Govindasamy M, Chen SM, Mani V, Devasenathipathy R, Umamaheswari R, Santhanaraj KJ, Sathiyan A (2017) Molybdenum disulfide nanosheets coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes composite for highly sensitive determination of chloramphenicol in food samples milk, honey and powdered milk. J Colloid Interface Sci 485:129–136

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Govindasamy M, Mani V, Chen SM, Maiyalagan T, Selvaraj S, Chen TW, Lee SY, Chang WH (2017) Highly sensitive determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug nimesulide using electrochemically reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons. RSC Adv 7:33043–33051

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Mani V, Govindasamy M, Chen SM, Subramani B, Sathiyan A, Merlin JP (2017) Determination of folic acid using graphene/molybdenum disulfide nanosheets/gold nanoparticles ternary composite. Int J Electrochem Sci 12:e267

    Google Scholar 

  34. Govindasamy M, Mani V, Chen SM, Chen TW, Sundramoorthy AK (2017) Methyl parathion detection in vegetables and fruits using silver@ graphene nanoribbons nanocomposite modified screen printed electrode. Sci Rep 7:46471

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Govindasamy M, Chen SM, Mani V, Akilarasan M, Kogularasu S, Subramani B (2017) Nanocomposites composed of layered molybdenum disulfide and graphene for highly sensitive amperometric determination of methyl parathion. Microchim Acta 184:725–733

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Chen SM, Umamaheswari R, Mani G, Chen TW, Ali MA, Fahad AH, Elshikh M, Farah MA (2018) Hierarchically structured CuFe2O4 ND@RGO composite for the detection of oxidative stress biomarker in biological fluids. Inorg Chem Front 5:944–950

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Shang T, Wang P, Liu X, Jiang X, Hu Z, Lu X (2018) Facile synthesis of porous single-walled carbon nanotube for sensitive detection of 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine. J Electroanal Chem 808:28–34

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Gutiérrez A, Gutierrez FA, Eguílaz M, González-Domínguez JM, Hernández-Ferrer J, Ansón-Casaos A, Martínez MT, Rivas GA (2016) Electrochemical sensing of guanine, adenine and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine at glassy carbon modified with single-walled carbon nanotubes covalently functionalized with lysine. RSC Adv 6:13469–13477

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Gutiérrez A, Gutiérrez S, García G, Galicia L, Rivas GA (2011) Determinatiom of 8-hydroxy 2′-deoxyguanosine using electrodes modified with a dispersion of carbon nanotubes in polyethylenimine. Electroanalysis 23:1221–1228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Goyal RN (2016) Determination of 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine: a potential biomarker of oxidative stress, using carbon-allotropic nanomaterials modified glassy carbon sensor. Talanta 161:735–742

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Hao J, Wu K, Wan C, Tang Y (2018) Reduced graphene oxide-ZnO nanocomposite based electrochemical sensor for sensitive and selective monitoring of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine. Talanta 185:550–556

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Li TH, Jia WL, Wang HS, Liu RM (2007) Electrochemical performance of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and its detection at poly (3-methylthiophene) modified glassy carbon electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 22:1245–1250

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Jia L, Wang H (2013) Electrochemical reduction synthesis of graphene/Nafion nanocomposite film and its performance on the detection of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in the presence of uric acid. J Electroanal Chem 705:37–43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, through contract No. MOST 107-2113-M-027-005-MY3.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Umamaheswari Rajaji and Subash Vetri Selvi contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Umamaheswari Rajaji, Subash Vetri Selvi, Shen-Ming Chen, Sathishkumar Chinnapaiyan, Tse-Wei Chen & Mani Govindasamy

  2. Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan

    Tse-Wei Chen

  3. Deparment of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK

    Tse-Wei Chen

  4. Deparment of Materials and Minerals Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan

    Mani Govindasamy

Authors
  1. Umamaheswari Rajaji
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Subash Vetri Selvi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shen-Ming Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sathishkumar Chinnapaiyan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Tse-Wei Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Mani Govindasamy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Shen-Ming Chen or Mani Govindasamy.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

(DOCX 192 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rajaji, U., Selvi, S.V., Chen, SM. et al. A nanocomposite consisting of cuprous oxide supported on graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine. Microchim Acta 187, 459 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04416-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04416-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation