Abstract
A colorimetric array, which can discriminate 20 food antioxidants of natural, synthetic and biological groups, is described. It consists of gold and silver nanoparticles that were synthesized using six different reducing and/or capping agents. The function of the array relies on the interaction of the antioxidants with the nanoparticles which causes aggregation or morphological changes. This, in turn, causes a change in the sensors’ colors. The array produces a unique combination of colors for each antioxidant. The resulting colorations are determined by recording the absorbances of the arrays at wavelengths of 405, 450, 490 and 630 nm, or by capturing the images with a digital camera. The discriminatory ability of the array is investigated by principle component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. The method was applied to quantitative assay of gallic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, dopamine, citric acid, butylated hydroxytoluene and ascorbic acid. The respective limits of detection are 4.2, 13, 53, 6.9, 47, 3.5 and 43 nM, respectively. The simultaneous determination of 5 different antioxidants is achieved utilizing partial least square regression. The root mean square errors for prediction of the test set are 0.0650, 0.0782, 0.811, 0.0206 and 0.135 nM for gallic acid, catechin, butylated hydroxytoluene, dopamine, and ascorbic acid, respectively. This method demonstrates excellent potential for analysis of antioxidants in beverages such as tea and lemon juice.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hemmateenejad B, Karimi S, Javidnia K et al (2015) Classification and assessment of antioxidant activity and phenolic content of different varieties of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruits from Iran. J Iran Chem Soc 12:1935–1943
Szydłowska-czerniak A, Dianoczki C, Recseg K, Szłyk E (2008) Determination of antioxidant capacities of vegetable oils by ferric-ion spectrophotometric methods. Talanta 76:899–905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2008.04.055
Le Gal K, Ibrahim MX, Wiel C et al (2015) Antioxidants can increase melanoma metastasis in mice. Sci Transl Med 7:1–8
Segundo MA, Reis S, Lima LFC (2008) Methodological aspects about in vitro evaluation of antioxidant properties. Anal Chim Acta 3:1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2008.02.047
Tsao R, Deng Z (2004) Separation procedures for naturally occurring antioxidant phytochemicals. J Chromatogr B 812:85–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.09.028
Gulcin I (2012) Antioxidant activity of food constituents : an overview. Arch Toxicol 86:345–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-011-0774-2
Vilela D, Castañeda R, González MC et al (2015) Fast and reliable determination of antioxidant capacity based on the formation of gold nanoparticles. Microchim Acta 182:105–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-014-1306-6
Zeng S, Baillargeat D, Ho H-P, Yong K-T (2014) Nanomaterials enhanced surface plasmon resonance for biological and chemical sensing applications. Chem Soc Rev 43:3426–3452
Scampicchio M, Wang J, Blasco AJ et al (2006) Nanoparticle-based assays of antioxidant activity. Anal Chem 78:2060–2063
Vilela D, González MC, Escarpa A (2014) Nanoparticles as analytical tools for in-vitro antioxidant- capacity assessment and beyond. Trends Anal Chem. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2014.07.017
Hemmateenejad B, Shamsipur M, Khosousi T et al (2012) Antioxidant activity assay based on the inhibition of oxidation and photobleaching of L-cysteine-capped CdTe quantum dots. Analyst 137:4029–4036
Hemmateenejad B, Shahrivar-Kevishahi A, Shakerizadeh-Shirazi F (2016) Reversible Photobleaching of gold nanoclusters: a mechanistic investigation. J Phys Chem C 120:28215–28223
Della Pelle F, Vilela D, González MCMC et al (2015) Antioxidant capacity index based on gold nanoparticles formation. Application to extra virgin olive oil samples. Food Chem 178:70–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.045
Della Pelle F, González MC, Sergi M et al (2015) Gold nanoparticles-based extraction-free colorimetric assay in organic media: an optical index for determination of Total polyphenols in fat-rich samples. Anal Chem 87:6905–6911. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01489
Huang W, Deng Y, He Y et al (2017) Visual colorimetric sensor array for discrimination of antioxidants in serum using MnO2 nanosheets triggered multicolor chromogenic system. Biosens Bioelectron 91:89–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2016.12.028
Bordbar MM, Tashkhourian J, Hemmateenejad B (2018) Qualitative and quantitative analysis of toxic materials in adulterated fruit pickle samples by a colorimetric sensor array. Sensors Actuators B Chem 257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.11.010
Hemmateenejad B, Tashkhourian J, Bordbar MM, Mobaraki N (2017) Development of colorimetric sensor array for discrimination of herbal medicine. J Iran Chem Soc 14:595–604
Askim JR, Li Z, LaGasse MK et al (2016) An optoelectronic nose for identification of explosives. Chem Sci 7:199–206. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5SC02632F
Carey JR, Suslick KS, Hulkower KI et al (2011) Rapid identification of bacteria with a disposable colorimetric sensing array. J Am Chem Soc 133:7571–7576
Yuan Z, Du Y, Tseng Y et al (2015) Fluorescent gold Nanodots based sensor Array for proteins discrimination. Anal Chem 87:4253–4259. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac5045302
Lei C, Dai H, Fu Y et al (2016) Article a colorimetric sensor Array for thiols discrimination based on urease-metal ion pairs a colorimetric sensor Array for thiols discrimination based on urease-metal ion pairs. Anal Chem 88:8542–8547. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01493
Gutierrez L, Aubry C, Cornejo M, Croue JP (2015) Citrate-coated silver nanoparticles interactions with effluent organic matter: influence of capping agent and solution conditions. Langmuir 31:8865–8872. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02067
Tanner EEL, Tschulik K, Tahany R et al (2015) Nanoparticle capping agent dynamics and Electron transfer: polymer-gated oxidation of silver nanoparticles. J Phys Chem C 119:18808–18815. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b05789
Phan CM, Nguyen HM (2017) Role of capping agent in wet synthesis of nanoparticles. J Phys Chem A 121:3213–3219. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02186
Sapsford KE, Algar WR, Berti L et al (2013) Functionalizing nanoparticles with biological molecules: developing chemistries that facilitate nanotechnology. Chem Rev 113:1904–2074. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr300143v
Thanh NTK, LAWG (2010) Functionalisation of nanoparticles for biomedical applications. NanoToday. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2010.05.003
Park SH, Maruniak A, Kim J et al (2016) Disposable microfluidic sensor arrays for discrimination of antioxidants. Talanta 153:163–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2016.03.017
Huang W, Xie Z, Deng Y, He Y (2018) 3,3″,5,5″-Tetramethylbenzidine-based Quadruple-Channel visual colorimetric sensor Array for highly sensitive discrimination of serum antioxidants. Sensors Actuators B Chem 254:1057–1060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.08.005
Sharpe E, Bradley R, Frasco T et al (2014) Metal oxide based multisensor array and portable database for field analysis of antioxidants. Sensors Actuators B Chem 193:552–562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.11.088
Hemmateenejad B, Mobaraki N, Shakerizadeh-Shirazi F, Miri R (2010) Multivariate image analysis-thin layer chromatography (MIA-TLC) for simultaneous determination of co-eluting components. Analyst 135:1747–1758
Anzenbacher P Jr, Lubal P, Bucek P et al (2010) A practical approach to optical cross-reactive sensor arrays. Chem Soc Rev 39:3954–3979. https://doi.org/10.1039/b926220m
Askim JR, Mahmoudi M, Suslick KS et al (2013) Optical sensor arrays for chemical sensing: the optoelectronic nose. Chem Soc Rev 42:8649. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60179j
Saha K, Agasti SS, Kim C et al (2012) Gold nanoparticles in chemical and biological sensing. Chem Rev 112:2739–2779
Brereton RG (2003) Chemometrics:data analysis for the Laboratory and Chemical Plant. John Wiley &Sons, Ltd
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the University of Shiraz.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests.
Electronic supplementary material
ESM 1
(DOCX 4.93 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bordbar, M.M., Hemmateenejad, B., Tashkhourian, J. et al. An optoelectronic tongue based on an array of gold and silver nanoparticles for analysis of natural, synthetic and biological antioxidants. Microchim Acta 185, 493 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-018-3021-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-018-3021-1