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Microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by using a stainless steel fiber coated with nanoparticles made from a porous aromatic framework

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Abstract

A porous aromatic framework of type PAF-6 was synthesized and explored as a coating onto a steel wire for using in solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalate plasticizers, and n-alkanes. The extraction temperature, extraction time, salt concentration, agitation speed, desorption temperature, and desorption time were optimized. This method for SPME resulted in the enrichment factors ranging from 122 to 1090 for PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene), from 122 to 271 for plasticizers (diisobutyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate), and from 9 to 113 for n-alkanes (n-undecane, n-dodecane, n-tridecane, n-tetradecane, n-pentadecane, n-hexadecane, n-octadecane and n-eicosane). The good extraction of the PAHs is assumed to be due to their π-stacking interaction and hydrophobic effect. The PAF-6 coated fibers are durable and can be reused more than 100 times without significant loss of extraction performance. In combination with GC-MS detection, the method has limits of detection in the range from 0.8 to 4.2 ng L−1 in case of PAHs. The relative standard deviations for five replicate determinations of the PAHs by using one fiber are in the range from 5.2 to 8.5%. When using different fibers, they range from 7.1 to 9.6%. The recoveries of PAHs from water samples at a spiking level of 20 ng L−1 are in the range from 89.5 to 103.1%, with relative standard deviations ranging from 4.0 to 9.3%.

A porous aromatic framework of type PAF-6 was synthesized and used as a novel coating for the solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons prior to their determination by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571925 and 31671930), the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (B2016204136, B2016204146, B2017204025 and C2017204019) and the Graduate Student Innovation Fund Project in Hebei Province (CXZZSS2017065), respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China

    Wenchang Wang, Zhi Li, Wenjin Wang, Shuaihua Zhang, Chun Wang & Zhi Wang

  2. College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China

    Lihong Zhang & Zhi Wang

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  1. Wenchang Wang
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  2. Zhi Li
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  3. Wenjin Wang
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Correspondence to Shuaihua Zhang or Zhi Wang.

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Wang, W., Li, Z., Wang, W. et al. Microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by using a stainless steel fiber coated with nanoparticles made from a porous aromatic framework. Microchim Acta 185, 20 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-017-2577-5

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