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Strength Behavior, Creep Failure and Permeability Change of a Tight Marble Under Triaxial Compression

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Abstract

The coupled hydro-mechanical behaviors of a tight marble are investigated by a series of laboratory tests with continuous gas injection during the hydrostatic compression, triaxial compression and compressive creep tests. Hydrostatic compression tests are firstly carried out in three steps to identify the viscous effect of hydrostatic stress on deformation and permeability of the marble. Coupled triaxial tests are then conducted at a constant axial strain rate under five different confining pressures (P c) with continuous gas injection. Coupled creep behaviors of the marble are also characterized by a constant deviatoric stress test under P c = 30 MPa with gas flowing at a constant injection pressure. The high-stress unloading failure behavior of the marble is finally investigated by an unloading test with a previous multi-step creep phase to realize a high-stress state as well as to investigate the time-dependent deformation of marble under different deviatoric stresses. Experimental results reveal that gas permeability of the marble shows an evident rate-dependent effect in hydrostatic compression. Mechanical behaviors of the tight marble are closely depended on the applied P c in triaxial tests, and its permeability exhibits a decrease phase at initial deviatoric loading and turns to increase at a critical stress corresponding to the initial yield stress. Marble can withstand more important plastic deformation under high P c than under lower ones. Gas flow seems to be more sensitive than the strains to characterize the creep behaviors of the marble. No time-dependent strains are observed when deviatoric creep stress is lower than 50% of its peak strength under P c = 30 MPa.

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Abbreviations

\(\varepsilon_{1}\) :

Axial strain

\(\varepsilon_{3}\) :

Radius strain

\(\dot{\varepsilon }_{1}\) :

Axial strain rate

\(\dot{\varepsilon }_{3}\) :

Radius strain rate

\(\alpha\) :

Biot’s coefficient

\(\tau\) :

Shear stress

\(\sigma\) :

Normal stress

\(\varphi\) :

Material friction angle

\(\upsilon\) :

Dynamic Poisson

\(c\) :

Material cohesion coefficient

\(E\) :

Unloading–reloading moduli

\(v_{\text{P}}\) :

Ultrasonic P-wave velocity

\(v_{\text{S}}\) :

Ultrasonic S-wave velocity

\(q\) :

Differential (deviatoric) stress

\(P_{\text{c}}\), \(\sigma_{3}\) :

Confining pressure, hydrostatic stress

\(P_{i}\) :

Pore pressure

\(k_{\text{g}}\) :

Gas permeability

\(k\) :

Instinct permeability of porous media

\(b\) :

Klinkenberg’s factor

\(Q\) :

Outlet volumetric flow

\(L\),\(A\) :

Sample length and cross-sectional area

\(P_{0}\), \(\Delta P_{i}\) and \(\bar{P}\) :

Outlet pressure, differential pressure and mean pressure

\(Re\) :

Reynolds number

\(D\) :

Hydraulic diffusivity

\(B\) :

Skempton’s coefficient

\(K_{\text{d}}\) :

Drained bulk modulus

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Wei Wang for providing the marble raw materials. The authors are grateful to Shouyi Xie, Jean Secq and Jean-Pierre Parent for technical supports. The authors also thank the Editors and the anonymous reviewers who provided helpful constructive reviews that greatly improved the manuscript. The present study is partially funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11272114) and National Basic (973) Research Program (No. 2011CB013504).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Mechanics of Lille, University of Lille, 59650, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France

    Zaobao Liu & Jianfu Shao

  2. College of Civil Engineering and Transportation, University of Hohai, Nanjing, 210098, China

    Jianfu Shao

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  1. Zaobao Liu
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Correspondence to Zaobao Liu.

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Liu, Z., Shao, J. Strength Behavior, Creep Failure and Permeability Change of a Tight Marble Under Triaxial Compression. Rock Mech Rock Eng 50, 529–541 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-1134-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-1134-6

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