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Association between fasting blood glucose and intracranial cerebral artery stenosis: a secondary analysis based on a retrospective cross-sectional study in Korean adults

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Abstract

Aims

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the main risk factors for intracranial cerebral artery stenosis (ICAS), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) might be an effective predictor of ICAS. However, there are a few studies revealing the relationship between FBG and ICAS. We aim to identify the association between FBG and ICAS in Koreans.

Methods

This was a secondary study based on a cross-sectional study. A total of 1011 Korean individuals who were asymptomatic but with high cerebrovascular risk underwent an examination in a Korean medical centre from March 2008 to December 2014. The main measure was FBG, while the main outcome was ICAS. Multivariate logistic regression analyses of FBG in the presence of ICAS were performed to examine the potential association. The author used the data provided by the paper “Association between Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Level and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease” for secondary analysis.

Results

The average age of the participants was 64.2 ± 9.1 years old, and approximately 35% of them were males. There were 24 participants suffering from ICAS in the first FBG tertile (< 5.4 mmol/L), while there were 26 in the second tertile (5.4–7.1 mmol/L) and 50 in the third tertile (≥ 7.1 mmol/L). The non-adjusted relationship between FBG and ICAS was positive. After controlling potential confounders, the association of FPG with ICAS remained positive, as well as in subgroups analysis, such as age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia and COAD. The association remained unchanged after adjusted sex, age, hypertension, DM, uric acid, hyperlipidaemia, and CAOD (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.02–1.15). The analyses also showed that the positive association was statistically significant (P < 0.05) among individuals without diabetes.

Conclusions

This study showed a positive relationship between FBG and ICAS, which suggests that clinicians may need to be simultaneously concerned about FBG and ICAS.

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Availability of data and materials

Data can be obtained from appendix of the paper published in the PLOS ONE journal.

Abbreviations

CAOD:

Coronary artery occlusive disease

SBP:

Systolic blood pressure

DBP:

Diastolic blood pressure

WBCs:

White blood cells

eGFR:

Estimated glomerular filtration rate

GOT:

Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase

GPT:

Glutamic pyruvic transaminase

ALP:

Alkaline phosphatase

SLI:

Silent lacunar infarct

MS-cWMH:

Moderate-to-severe cerebral white matter hyperintensities

LCAS:

Large cerebral arterial stenosis

ECAS:

Extracranial arterial stenosis

ICAS:

Intracranial arterial stenosis

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Acknowledgements

The authors truly appreciate the researchers for providing the original data from their study. They completed the entire study. They are Han-Bin Lee, Jinkwon Kim, Ok-Joon Kim, Seung-Hun Oh (corresponding author) (Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea), Sang-Heum Kim (Department of Radiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea), and Soonhag Kim (Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, South Korea).

In addition, we would like to express our gratitude to Nature Springer Author Services due to their languages editing. And we all appreciate Dr. Big Sward, for his help during the manuscript revised time.

Funding

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rehabilitation Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Airport Road, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China

    Dan Wu

  2. Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Airport Road, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China

    Danghan Xu, Taotao Yao & Muxi Liao

  3. Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Airport Road, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China

    Fan Ye

  4. The University of Alabama At Birmingham, 1720 2nd AveSouth, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA

    Nuo Xu

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Contributions

DW and DHX contributed to the drafting of the manuscript. FY contributed to the material preparation and data collection and XN contributed to the analysis and interpretation of the data. DHX and TTY contributed to the study conception and revision of the manuscript, and MXL approved the final version of the submitted manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Muxi Liao.

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Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Consent to participate

Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in the study conducted by Lee HB et al.

Consent to publish

All participants agreed with the informed consent regarding publishing their data.

Ethics approval

The study from which we obtained our data was approved by the hospital ethics review committee (IRB no.: BD-2010–083). Since this is a retrospective secondary analysis study, according to data protection guidelines, it is unnecessary to obtain formal ethical approval. We consulted extensively with the IRB in the first affiliated hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine who determined that our study did not need ethical approval.

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Dan Wu and Dang-han Xu contributed this paper equally.

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Cite this article

Wu, D., Xu, D., Ye, F. et al. Association between fasting blood glucose and intracranial cerebral artery stenosis: a secondary analysis based on a retrospective cross-sectional study in Korean adults. Acta Diabetol 58, 749–757 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-020-01646-x

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