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Antifungal genes expressed in transgenic pea (Pisum sativum L.) do not affect root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi

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Abstract

Genetically modified crops have raised concerns about unintended consequences on non-target organisms including beneficial soil associates. Pea transformed with four antifungal genes 1-3 β glucanase, endochitinase, polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins, and stilbene synthase is currently under field-testing for efficacy against fungal diseases in Canada. Transgenes had lower expression in the roots than leaves in greenhouse experiment. To determine the impact of disease-tolerant pea or gene products on colonization by non-target arbuscular mycorrhizae and nodulation by rhizobium, a field trial was established. Transgene insertion, as single gene or stacked genes, did not alter root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus (AMF) or root nodulation by rhizobium inoculation in the field. We found no effect of transgenes on the plant growth and performance although, having a dual inoculant with both AMF and rhizobium yielded higher fresh weight shoot-to-root ratio in all the lines tested. This initial risk assessment of transgenic peas expressing antifungal genes showed no deleterious effect on non-target organisms.

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Acknowledgements

We greatly acknowledge Lisa Raatz, Judy Irving, Keith Topinka, graduate students, and summer staff at the weed science and environmental biosafety lab at the University of Alberta for assistance with field trial and Dr. Muhammed Rahman, AFNS, University of Alberta, for conducting the gene expression analysis for the project. We are thankful to Premier Tech Technologies (Riviere-Du-Loup, QC) for generously providing us the dual inoculant MYKE® PRO PS3+R and Dr. Deng-Jin Bing, AAFC, Lacombe, for kindly supplying the seed for AC Earlystar and Agassiz for the experiments.

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  1. Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, 410 Agriculture/Forestry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6K 2P5, Canada

    Jagroop Gill Kahlon & Linda M. Hall

  2. Institute for Plant Genetics, Section of Plant Biotechnology, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany

    Hans-Jörg Jacobsen

  3. Department of Biological sciences, B717a, Biological Sciences Bldg., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada

    James F. Cahill Jr

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  1. Jagroop Gill Kahlon
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Correspondence to Jagroop Gill Kahlon.

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The research fund was provided by the Alberta Crop Industry Development Fund Ltd. (ACIDF) and Alberta Pulse Growers (APG).

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Kahlon, J.G., Jacobsen, HJ., Cahill, J.F. et al. Antifungal genes expressed in transgenic pea (Pisum sativum L.) do not affect root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi. Mycorrhiza 27, 683–694 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-017-0781-0

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