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Incidence of thromboembolism and associated factors in multiple myeloma patients treated with immunomodulatory drugs: a retrospective analysis in Belo Horizonte, Brazil

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Abstract

Purpose

The use of immunomodulators in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) patients has been associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE). Due to the increase in mortality of cancer patients, venous thromboembolism is an important concern for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of thromboembolic events and evaluate associated risk factors among Brazilian NDMM patients using immunomodulators.

Methods

Real-life retrospective cohort study in two Brazilian institutions with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients treated with immunomodulators from January 2009 to December 2019. Data was collected from patients’ medical records for the period of 1 year, and Cox regression was performed to identify risk factors on the development of VTE.

Results

We included 131 patients of which there was a mean age of 61.5 years (SD 11.3), 51.9% female, and predominantly using thalidomide (97.7%) as immunomodulator. We found 9 VTE episodes among our patients, with a 12-month cumulative incidence of 6.97% (95% CI 3.41–12.24). Associated factors after multivariate analysis were recent sepsis, recent traumatic injury, previous VTE, and thromboprophylaxis.

Conclusion

Our real-life retrospective cohort presented a low incidence of VTE among Brazilian NDMM patients treated with immunomodulators.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (Ebserh) for the all support provided.

Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support was received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de pós-graduação em medicamentos e assistência farmacêutica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Iwyson Henrique Fernandes da Costa, Cristiane Aparecida Menezes de Pádua, Paula Lana de Miranda Drummond & Adriano Max Moreira Reis

  2. Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Iwyson Henrique Fernandes da Costa & Lívia Pena Silveira

  3. Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Cristiane Aparecida Menezes de Pádua, Jéssica Soares Malta & Adriano Max Moreira Reis

  4. Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Paula Lana de Miranda Drummond & Roberta Márcia Marques dos Santos

Authors
  1. Iwyson Henrique Fernandes da Costa
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  2. Cristiane Aparecida Menezes de Pádua
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and data collection were performed by Iwyson Henrique Fernandes da Costa, Paula Lana de Miranda Drummond, Jéssica Soares Malta, Roberta Márcia Marques Santos and Lívia Pena Silveira and analysis were performed by Iwyson Henrique Fernandes da Costa, Adriano Max Moreira Reis and Cristiane Aparecida Menezes de Pádua. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Iwyson Henrique Fernandes da Costa and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Iwyson Henrique Fernandes da Costa.

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Ethical approval

This study was designed in accordance with the ethical standards of research involving human participants of the national research committee (CNS 466/2012) and was approved by the ethics committee of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (no. 3.305.726).

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da Costa, I.H.F., de Pádua, C.A.M., de Miranda Drummond, P.L. et al. Incidence of thromboembolism and associated factors in multiple myeloma patients treated with immunomodulatory drugs: a retrospective analysis in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Support Care Cancer 32, 35 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-023-08251-y

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