Abstract
Complex engineering systems suffer from internal wears and tears that cannot be measured by sensors. Sudden failure of such systems is hazardous and may endanger human life. To avoid sudden failures, a prognostics system that takes multivariate sensor data and infers system health and then projects the inferred system health into future based on damage progression for remaining useful life (RUL) estimation in real time is needed. Logisticians, engineers, project managers, and others can also benefit from prognostics information to improve performance and reduce cost. Our contribution in this paper is to present a data-driven prognostics approach for RUL estimation of aircraft turbofan engines that run onboard in real time. Kalman filter and neural network are used together to infer system health from several sensor readings. The inferred system health is then projected by another neural network till the end of life for RUL calculation. The algorithm is implemented on Raspberry Pi 2 single-board computer running Windows 10 Internet of Things Core to enable efficient development and deployment of onboard prognostics applications. Data from PHM08 data challenge competition are used for algorithm development and testing. The results show the applicability of this approach for RUL estimation onboard in real time.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexandru S, Cristian P, Cristina Ş, Florin P (2017) Predicting provisioning and booting times in a metal-as-a-service system. Future Gener Comput Syst 72:180–192
Arduino (2005) https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Introduction. Accessed 01 Dec 2015
Arduino (2005) https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/HomePage. Accessed 01 Dec 2015
Balaban E, Saxena A, Narasimhan S, Roychoudhury I, Koopmans M, Ott C, Goebel K (2015) Prognostic health-management system development for electromechanical actuators. J Aerosp Inf Syst 12(3):329–344. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.I010171
Bond L (2008) Diagnostics and prognostics: state of the art and programs. PHM08 tutorial materials. IAEA Workshop, Argentina
Bonissone P (2006) Knowledge and time: a framework for soft computing applications in prognostics and health management (PHM). In: International symposium on evolving fuzzy systems, Ambleside, Cumbria, pp 19–24. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEFS.2006.251159
Daeil K, Melinda R, Jiajie F, Tadahiro S, Michael G (2016) IoT-based prognostics and systems health management for industrial applications. IEEE Access 4:3659–3670. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2587754
Draper N, Smith H (1998) Applied regression analysis, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York
Elattar H (2011) Intelligent information system to forecast the remaining life of aircraft turbofan engine. MSc. thesis. Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. http://www.eulc.edu.eg/eulc_v5/Libraries/Thesis/BrowseThesisPages.aspx?fn=PublicDrawThesis&BibID=379665
Evans D (2011) The internet of things how the next evolution of the internet is changing everything. White paper, Cisco
Feather M, Hicks K, Mackey R, Uckun S (2008) Guiding technology deployment decisions using a quantitative requirements analysis technique. In: 2008 IEEE international conference on requirements engineering, September 8–12, Barcelona, Spain
Goebel K, Qiu H, Eklund N, Yan W (2007) Modeling propagation of gas path damage. In: IEEE aerospace conference, Big Sky, MT. https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2007.352835
Heimes F (2008) Recurrent neural networks for remaining useful life estimation. In: 2008 international conference on prognostics and health management. October 6–9, Marriott Tech Center Denver, CO, USA. https://doi.org/10.1109/PHM.2008.4711422
Hu C, Youn BD, Wang P (2012) Ensemble of data-driven prognostic algorithms for robust prediction of remaining useful life. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 103:120–135
Kalman R (1960) A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems. Trans ASME J Basic Eng 82:35–45
Maybeck P (1979) Stochastic models, estimation and control, vol 1. Academic Press Inc, New York
Medjahar K, Zerhouni N (2009) Residual-based failure prognostic in dynamic system. In: 7th IFAC international symposium on fault detection, supervision and safety of technical processes, June-30–July 3, Sants Hotel, Spain
Peel L (2008) Data driven prognostics using a Kalman filter ensemble of neural network models. In: 2008 international conference on prognostics and health management. October 6–9, Marriott Tech Center Denver, CO, USA. https://doi.org/10.1109/PHM.2008.4711423
Platzer P, Cappaert J (2012) ArduSat: your Arduino experiment in space. Summer CubeSat Developer’s workshop, Nanosatisfi LLC, August, p 17
Raspberry Pi (2015) https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-2-model-b/. Accessed 01 Dec 2015
Riad A, Elminir H, Elattar H (2010) Evaluation of neural networks in the subject of prognostics as compared to linear regression model. Int J Eng Technol 10:52–58
Rouet V, Delye A, Vichare N, Pecht M, Foucher B (2007) Embedded remaining life prognostics and diagnostics of electronics. In: 1st international congress on microreliability and nanoreliability in key technology applications (micronanoreliability congress), September 2–5, Berlin, Germany
Saha S, Saha B, Saxena A, Goebel K (2010) Distributed prognostic health management with Gaussian process regression. In: 2010 IEEE aerospace conference, March 6-13, Big Sky, MT, pp 1 – 8. https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2010.5446841
Saxena A, Celaya J, Saha B, Saha S, Goebel K (2010) Metrics for offline evaluation of prognostic performance. Int J Progn Health Manag 1(1):001
Saxena A, Balaban E, Goebel K, Saha B, Saha S, Schwabacher M (2008) Metrics for evaluating performance of prognostic technique. In: 2008 international conference on prognostics and health management, October 6–9, Marriott Tech Center Denver, CO, USA
Saxena A, Goebel K (2008) PHM08 challenge data set, NASA Ames prognostics data repository (http://ti.arc.nasa.gov/project/prognostic-data-repository), NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA
Saxena A, Goebel K, Simon D, Eklund N (2008) Damage propagation modeling for aircraft engine run-to-failure simulation. In: 2008 international conference on prognostics and health management, pp 1–9, October 6-9, Marriott Tech Center Denver, CO, USA
Saxena A, Roychoudhury I, Celaya J, Saha S, Saha B, Goebel K (2010) Requirements specifications for prognostics: an overview. American institute of aeronautics and astronautics (AIAA). https://c3.nasa.gov/dashlink/resources/824/. Accessed 01 Dec 2015
Saxena A, Sankararaman S, Goebel K (2014) Performance evaluation for fleet-based and unit-based prognostic methods. In: Annual conference of the PHM society, fort worth, Texas, USA
Schwabacher M, Goebel K (2007) A survey of artificial intelligence for prognostics. In: Proceedings of AAAI fall symposium, November 9–11, Arlington, VA
Smith B (2011) Satellite enabled vehicle prognostic and diagnostic system. United States patent application publication US 2011/0046842 Al
Telecommunication Standardization sector of International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) (2012) Overview of the Internet of things Y. 2060. Genève, Switzerland: International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
Vachtsevanos G, Lewis F, Roemer M, Hess A, Wu B (2006) Intelligent fault diagnosis and prognosis for engineering systems. Wiley, Hoboken
Voisin A, Levrat E, Cocheteux P, Iung B (2010) Generic prognosis model for proactive maintenance decision support: application to pre-industrial emaintenance test bed. J Intell Manuf 21(2):177–193
Wang P, Youn BD, Hu C (2012) A generic probabilistic framework for structural health prognostic and uncertainty management. Mech Syst Signal Process 28:622–637
Wang T, Lee J (2008) The operating regime approach for precision health prognosis. In: Proceedings of 62th meeting of the MFPT society: failure prevention for system availability, pp 87–98, May 6–8, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
Wang T, Yu J, Siegel D, Lee J (2008) A similarity-based prognostics approach for remaining useful life estimation of engineered systems. In: 2008 international conference on prognostics and health management. October 6–9, Marriott Tech Center Denver, CO, USA. https://doi.org/10.1109/PHM.2008.4711421
Welch G, Bishop G (2006) An introduction to the Kalman filter. UNC-Chapel Hill, TR 95-041, July 24
Wheeler K, Kurtoglu T, Poll S (2010) A survey of health management user objectives in aerospace systems related to diagnostic and prognostic metrics. Int J Progn Health Manag 1(1):003
Yan J, Koc M, Lee J (2004) A prognostic algorithm for machine performance assessment and its application. Prod Plan Control 15(08):796–801
Zio E, Di Maio F (2010) A data-driven fuzzy approach for predicting the remaining useful life in dynamic failure scenarios of a nuclear power plant. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 95(n1):49–57
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest
Additional information
Communicated by V. Loia.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Elattar, H.M., Elminir, H.K. & Riad, A.M. Conception and implementation of a data-driven prognostics algorithm for safety–critical systems. Soft Comput 23, 3365–3382 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-017-2995-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-017-2995-7