Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

On the ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 (c i/c a) derived from ecosystem flux

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Biometeorology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 concentrations (c i/c a) plays a key role in ecophysiology, micrometeorology, and global climatic change. However, systematic investigation on c i/c a variation and its determinants are rare. Here, the c i/c a was derived from measuring ecosystem fluxes in an even-aged monoculture of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis). We tested whether c i/c a is constant across environmental gradients and if not, which dominant factors control c i/c a variations. Evidence indicates that c i/c a is not a constant. The c i/c a exhibits a clear “V”-shaped diurnal pattern and varies across the environmental gradient. Water vapor pressure deficit (D) is the dominant factor controls over the c i/c a variations. c i/c a consistently decreases with increasing D. c i/c a decreases with square root of D as predicted by the optimal stomatal model. The D-driving single-variable model could simulate c i/c a as well as that of sophisticated model. Many variables function on longer timescales than a daily cycle, such as soil water content, could improve c i/c a model prediction ability. Ecosystem flux can be effectively used to calculate c i/c a and use it to better understand various natural cycles.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Baldocchi DD (1994) An analytical solution for coupled leaf photosynthesis and stomatal conductance models. Tree Physiol 14:1069–1079

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baldocchi DD (2014) Measuring fluxes of trace gases and energy between ecosystems and the atmosphere: the state and future of the eddy covariance method. Glob Change Biol 20:3600–3609

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ball MC, Critchley C (1982) Photosynthetic response to irradiance by the grey mangrove, Avicennia marina, grown under different light regimes. Plant Physiol 70:1101–1106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ball JT, Woodrow IE, Berry JA (1987) A model predicting stomatal conductance and its contribution to the control of photosynthesis under different environmental conditions. In: Binggins J (ed) progress in photosynthesis research, vol IV.5. M Nijhoff, Dordrecht, pp 221–224

  • Blanken PD, Black TA, Yang PC, Neumann HH, Nesic Z, Staebler R, den Hartog G, Novak MD, Lee X (1997) Energy balance and canopy conductance of a boreal aspen forest: partitioning overstory and understory components. J Geophys Res Atmos 102:28915–28927

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brodribb T (1996) Dynamics of changing intercellular CO2 concentration during drought and determination of minimum functional C i. Plant Physiol 111:179–185

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burba G, Anderson D (2010) A brief practical guide to eddy covariance flux measurements. Principles and workflow examples for scientific and industrial applications. LI-Cor Biosciences, Lincoln

    Google Scholar 

  • Collatz GJ, Ball JT, Grivet C, Berry JA (1991) Physiological and environmental regulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration: a model that includes a laminar boundary layer. Agric For Meteorol 54:107–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cowan IR, Farquhar GD (1977) Stomatal function in relation to leaf metabolism and environment. In: Jennings DH (ed) Integration of activity in the higher plant. Cambridge Unviersity Press, UK, Cambridge, pp 471–505

    Google Scholar 

  • Damour G, Simonneau T, Cochard H, Urban L (2010) An overview of models of stomatal conductance at the leaf level. Plant Cell Enivon 33:1419–1438

    Google Scholar 

  • Farquhar DD, Sharkey TD (1982) Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis. Ann Rev Plant Physiol 33:317–345

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farquhar GD, Wong SC (1984) An empirical model of stomatal conductance. Aus J Plant Physiol 11:191–210

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fick A (1855) Ueber diffusion. Ann Phys 170:59–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foken T, Wichura B (1996) Tools for quality assessment of surface-based flux measurements. Agric For Meteorol 78:83–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jarvis PG (1976) The interpretation of the variations in leaf water potential and stomatal conductance found in canopies in the field. Phil Trans Royal Soc Lond, Ser B 273:593–610

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jarvis PG, Leverenz JW (1983) Productivity of temperate, deciduous and evergreen forests. In: Lange OL, Nobel PS, Osmond CB, Ziegler H (eds) Physiological plant ecology, IV, ecosystem processes: mineral cycling, productivity and man’s influence, 233–280 pp. Springer-Verlag, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Katul GG, Ellsworth DS, Lai CT (2000) Modelling assimilation and intercellular CO2 from measured conductance: a synthesis of approaches. Plant Cell Environ 23:1313–1328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katul GG, Manzoni S, Palmroth S, Oren R (2010) A stomatal optimization theory to describe the effects of atmospheric CO2 on leaf photosynthesis and transpiration. Ann Bot 105:431–442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keenan TF, Hollinger DY, Bohrer G, Dragoni D, Munder JW, Schmid HP, Richardson AD (2013) Increase in forest water-use efficiency as atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations rise. Nature 499:324–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kelliher FM, Leuning R, Raupach MR, Schulze ED (1995) Maximum conductance for evaporation from global vegetation types. Agric For Meteorol 73:1–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Landsberg J, Sands P (2011) Physiological ecology of forest production: principles, processes and models. Academic Press, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Leuning R (1990) Modeling stomatal behavior and photosynthesis of Eucalyptus grandis. Aus J Plant Physiol 17:159–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leuning R (1995) A critical appraisal of a combined stomatal-photosynthesis model for C3 plants. Plant Cell Environ 18:339–355

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leuning R, Kelliher FM, De Pury DGG, Schulze ED (1995) Leaf nitrogen, photosynthesis, conductance and transpiration: scaling from leaves to canopies. Plant Cell Environ 18:1183–1200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd J, Farquhar GD (1994) 13C discrimination during CO2 assimilation by the terrestrial biosphere. Oecologia 99:201–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marek M, Pirochtová M (1990) Response of the ratio of intercellular CO2 concentration to ambient CO2 concentration (c i/c a ratio) to basic microclimatological factors in an oak-hornbean forest. Photosynthetica 24:122–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Medlyn B, Duursma R, Eamus D, Ellsworth D, Prentice C, Barton C, Crous K, Paolo D, Freeman M, Wingate L (2011) Reconciling the optimal and empirical approaches to modelling stomatal conductance. Glob Change Biol 17:2134–2144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Medlyn B, Duursma R, De Kauwe M, Prentice I (2013) The optimal stomatal response to atmospheric CO2 concentration: alternative solutions, alternative interpretations. Agric For Meteorol 182–183:200–203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mortazavi B, Chanton JP, Prater JL, Oishi AC, Oren R, Katul G (2005) Temporal variability in 13C of respired CO2 in a pine and a hardwood forest subject of similar climatic conditions. Oecologia 142:57–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norman JM (1982) Simulation of microclimate. In: Hatfield JL, Thompson I (eds) Biometeorology and integrated pest management. Academic Press, New York, pp 65–99

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Novick KA, Oishi AC, Ward E, Siqueira MBS, Juang JY, Stoy PC (2015) On the difference in the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 between deciduous and evergreen forests in the southeastern U.S. Glob Chang Biol 21:827–842

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan MG, Law BE (2005) Interpreting, measuring, and modeling soil respiration. Biogeochemistry 73:3–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tanner CB, Thurtell GW (1969) Anemoclinometer measurement of Reynolds stress and heat transport in the atmospheric surface layer. Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, Research and Development Technique Report ECOM-66-G22-F to the US Army Electronics Command, 82

  • Thomas DS, Eamus D, Bell D (1999) Optimization theory of stomatal behavior I. A critical evaluation of five methods of calculation. J Exp Bot 50:385–392

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tissue DT, Barbour MM, Hunt JE, Turnbull MH, Griffin KL, Walcroft AS, Whitehead D (2006) Spatial and temporal scaling of intercellular CO2 concentration in a temperate rain forest dominated by Dacrydium cupressinum in New Zealand. Plant Cell Environ 29:497–510

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vickers D, Mahrt L (1997) Quality control and flux sampling problems for tower and aircraft data. J Atmos Ocea Technol 14:512–526

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webb EK, Pearman G, Leuning R (1980) Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapor transfer. Quart J Royal Meteorol Socie 106:85–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wong SC, Cowan IR, Farquhar GD (1979) Stomatal conductance correlates with photosynthetic capacity. Nature 282:424–426

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu Z (2013) Carbon balance of the rubber plantation ecosystem in Hainan. PhD dissertation, Hainan University, Hainkou, China

  • Wu Z, Xie G, Yang C, Chen B, Zhou Z (2015) Characteristics of carbon fluxes in a rubber plantation ecosystem in Danzhou area, Hainan Province. J Northwest Forestry Univ 30:51–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu Z, Chen B, Yang C, Tao Z, Xie G, Zhou Z (2012) Distribution of footprint and fluxes source area of rubber plantation in Hainan Island. J Tropical Organ 3:42–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu Z, Chen J, Lan G, Chen B, Xie G, Zhou Z (2013) Quality assessment of turbulence data in rubber plantation ecosystem. Chin J Trop Crops 34:2075–2082

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiao JF, Sun G, Chen J, Chen H, Chen S, Dong G, Gao S, Guo H, Guo J, Han S, Kato T, Li Y, Lin G, Lu W, Ma M, McNulty S, Shao C, Wang X, Xie X, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Zhao B, Zhou G, Zhou J (2013) Carbon fluxes, evapotranspiration, and water use efficiency of terrestrial ecosystems in China. Agric For Meteorol 182–183:76–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang H, Nobel PS (1996) Dependency of c i/c a and leaf transpiration efficiency on the vapor pressure deficit. Aus J Plant Physiol 23:561–568

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Data of this paper is available by sending e-mail to site principal investigator (wzxrri@163.com). This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31200347, 31660142) and Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ecology Program, Institute for Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China

    Zheng-Hong Tan, Muhammad Tahir Jatoi, Jun-Fu Zhao & Lian-Yan Yang

  2. Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, China

    Zhi-Xiang Wu, Guo-Yu Lan, Chuang Yang, Zhong-Liang Tao, Bang-Qian Chen & Muhammad Tahir Jatoi

  3. Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, China

    Alice C. Hughes

  4. Key Lab of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 666303, China

    Douglas Schaefer & Liang Song

  5. National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-0053, Japan

    Jiye Zeng

  6. Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong, 666100, China

    Yao-Hua Tian

Authors
  1. Zheng-Hong Tan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zhi-Xiang Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Alice C. Hughes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Douglas Schaefer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jiye Zeng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Guo-Yu Lan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Chuang Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Zhong-Liang Tao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Bang-Qian Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Yao-Hua Tian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Liang Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Muhammad Tahir Jatoi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Jun-Fu Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. Lian-Yan Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhi-Xiang Wu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tan, ZH., Wu, ZX., Hughes, A.C. et al. On the ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 (c i/c a) derived from ecosystem flux. Int J Biometeorol 61, 2059–2071 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-017-1403-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-017-1403-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation