Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung
Es wurde untersucht, ob es Faktoren gibt, die eine Aussage über den Behandlungserfolg von intravenösen regionalen Sympathikusblockaden mit Guanethidin (IVRSB) bei Patienten mit komplexen regionalen Schmerzsyndromen im Langzeitverlauf zulassen.
Methodik
Von 44 Patienten wurden Daten zu Anamnese, Behandlungsverlauf und Schmerzen bei der Nachbefragung erhoben. Aufgrund des Langzeitverlaufes wurden eingeteilt in "keine wesentliche Besserung", "partielle Besserung", "gute" und "sehr gute" Verbesserung. Die Rate von ungünstigen Verläufen wurde berechnet für die Faktoren Alter, Geschlecht, Anamnesedauer, Schmerzintensität vor Behandlungsbeginn, Gesamtdosis Guanethidin.
Ergebnisse
Von 44 Patienten konnten 42 befragt werden. Durchschnittlich 18 Monate nach Durchführung der IVRSB zeigten 10 Patienten keine wesentliche, 5 eine partielle, 13 eine gute und 14 eine sehr gute Verbesserung der Schmerzen. Eine erhöhte Rate von ungünstigen Langzeitverläufen fand sich bei Patienten unter 60 Jahren sowie bei Männern und bei einer Behandlungsdauer von mehr als 2 Wochen. Kein Zusammenhang fand sich für die Faktoren Anamnesedauer, Schmerzintensität und Gesamtdosis Guanethidin.
Schlussfolgerung
Ein erhöhtes Chronifizierungsrisiko bestand für Männer unter 60 Jahren. Unsere Untersuchung erlaubt keine Aussage, ob sich in dem unterschiedlichen Chronifizierungsrisiko Unterschiede im spontanen Heilungsverlauf oder in der Therapieantwort widerspiegeln.
Abstract
Introduction
The results of clinical studies have raised doubts on the effectiveness of regional sympathetic blocks with guanethidine (IVRSB) in patients suffering from complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). We conducted a retrospective analysis of long-term results in our patients and searched for possible factors predicting long-term outcome after IVRSB.
Methods
After approval by our ethics commission and written informed consent, 42/44 patients were included. We documented diagnosis, history, therapy and long-term result from charts. Long-term results were also obtained from a questionnaire administered to the patients. These were defined as very good (reduction of pain ≥75%), good (pain reduction <75% and ≥50%), moderate (pain reduction <50% and ≥25%) or poor (pain reduction <25%). The association of a moderate or poor outcome with the factors age, gender, duration of time until therapy, pain intensity before therapy, dose of applied guanethidine and duration of therapy was calculated by odds ratio. Confidence intervals for the odds ratios were determined by Woolfs approximation.
Results
After a mean duration of 18 months, the outcome was classified as very good in 14, good in 13, moderate in 5 and poor in 10 patients. An increased rate of moderate or poor outcome was associated with age<60 years (OR=4.00, CI 1.04–15.26), male gender (OR=2.93, CI 0.71–12.11) and duration of therapy>2 weeks (OR=3.27, CI 0.86–12.36). The factors duration of time until therapy, initial pain intensity and total dose of guanethidine were not associated with increased rates of moderate or poor outcome.
Conclusion
We only seldom observed a complete functional restoration after CRPS. Male patients <60 years showed an increased risk of developing chronic pain. It remains unclear whether the risk of chronic pain reflects different responses to therapy or differences in the natural course of the disease in our patients. A meta-analysis of randomised trials of IVRSB in CRPS failed to prove the effectiveness of this intervention. If other investigations confirm our impression, future studies of CRPS-treatments should be planned and analysed with regard to the possible influence of the natural course and different risks of chronic pain among patients with CRPS.
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Gehling, M., Tryba, M., Niebergall, H. et al. Komplexe regionale Schmerzsyndrome CRPS I und II. Schmerz 17, 309–316 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-003-0228-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-003-0228-8