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Liver involvement in kidney disease and vice versa

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Abstract

The liver and kidneys are often similarly affected by a single disease. This is the case in metabolic, immunological, toxic, and infectious diseases, and in the different congenital malformation syndromes. Also, an enzymatic defect in an otherwise healthy liver or the consequences of advanced liver disease by itself can cause kidney disease as a secondary phenomenon. In this review, we describe numerous pathogenic mechanisms leading to dysfunction or malformations of the liver and kidneys in children. We encourage multidisciplinary management for optimal care. A combined liver–kidney transplantation is sometimes needed.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Autosomal dominant

ADPKD:

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

aHUS:

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome

ALT:

Alanine aminotransferase

AR:

Autosomal recessive

ARPKD:

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

AST:

Aspartate transaminase

BBS:

Bardet–Biedl syndrome

CKD:

Chronic kidney disease

CLKT:

Combined liver kidney transplantation

eGFR:

Estimated glomerular filtration rate

ESRD:

End-stage renal disease

FAP:

Familial amyloidosis polyneuropathy

GGT:

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase

HBV:

Hepatitis B virus

HCV:

Hepatitis C virus

HNF1B:

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β

HRS:

Hepatorenal syndrome

INR:

International Normalized Ratio

JS:

Joubert syndrome

KT:

Kidney transplantation

LT:

Liver transplantation

MMA:

Methylmalonic aciduria

NPHPH:

Nephronophthisis

PH:

Primary hyperoxaluria

RTA:

Renal tubular acidosis

ULN:

Upper limit of normal

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Acknowledgements

Peter Witters and Djalila Mekahli are supported by the Clinical Research Fund of UZ Leuven. Elena Levtchenko is supported by Research Foundation Flanders (FWO Vlaanderen) grant 1801110 N

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Karen Van Hoeve, Djalila Mekahli & Elena Levtchenko

  2. Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Djalila Mekahli, Elena Levtchenko & Peter Witters

  3. Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Eva Morava & Peter Witters

  4. Department of Pediatric Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium

    Peter Witters

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  1. Karen Van Hoeve
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1. a; 2. d; 3. d; 4. c; 5. b; 6. b

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Van Hoeve, K., Mekahli, D., Morava, E. et al. Liver involvement in kidney disease and vice versa. Pediatr Nephrol 33, 957–971 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-017-3715-3

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