Abstract
Background
This study aimed to determine whether dental calculus formation is really higher among patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis than among controls. Furthermore, the study evaluated correlations between dental calculus formation and dental plaque, variables that are related to renal disease and/or saliva composition.
Methods
The Renal Group was composed of 30 patients undergoing hemodialysis, whereas the Healthy Group had 30 clinically healthy patients. Stimulated whole saliva and parotid saliva were collected. Salivary flow rate and calcium and phosphate concentrations were determined. In the Renal Group the saliva collection was carried out before and after a hemodialysis session. Patients from both groups received intraoral exams, oral hygiene instructions, and dental scaling. Three months later, the dental calculus was measured by the Volpe–Manhold method to determine the rate of dental calculus formation.
Results
The Renal Group presented a higher rate of dental calculus formation (p < 0.01). Correlation was observed between rate of dental calculus formation and whole saliva flow rate in the Renal Group after a hemodialysis session (r = 0.44, p < 0.05). The presence of dental calculus was associated with phosphate concentration in whole saliva from the Renal Group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
In conclusion, patients undergoing hemodialysis presented accelerated dental calculus formation, probably due to salivary variables.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank the Fundação do Rim Francisco Santino Filho for helping locate the nephrology centers where the children and adolescents were treated. We also thank the nephrologists, especially Dr. Arnauld Kaufman, for allowing access to the medical records. This study was supported by Federação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio (CAPES). WLS is recipient of a Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR) New Investigator Award (grant#113166).
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Martins, C., Siqueira, W.L., Oliveira, E. et al. Dental calculus formation in children and adolescents undergoing hemodialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 27, 1961–1966 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-012-2194-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-012-2194-9