Abstract
Introduction
The influence of obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2] on the outcome of laparoscopic colorectal surgery remains controversial. The complexity of rectal laparoscopic resections requires a specific assessment of the impact of obesity on the feasibility and short-term results of the surgery.
Methods
Between February 2002 and May 2007, 210 laparoscopic mesorectal excisions were performed. Demographic, oncologic and perioperative data were entered in a prospective database. Twenty-four patients (11.4%) with BMI over 30 kg/m2 formed the obese group (OG). The outcomes in the OG and the nonobese group (NOG) were compared.
Results
There were significantly more American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score 3 patients (26% in OG versus 9% in NOG; p = 0.03) in the obese group. Obese patients experienced longer operative times (513 min in OG vs. 421 min in NOG; p < 0.01) and more frequent conversion to laparotomy (46% in OG vs. 12% in NOG; p < 0.001). Morbidity grade 1 was higher in the obese group (29.2% vs. 9.7% in NOG; p = 0.01), but there was no difference in regards to morbidity grade 2 or more (33.3% in OG vs. 32.3% in NOG). In addition, conversion to laparotomy among the obese did not increase significantly morbidity grade 2 or higher (5 of 11 for OG converted vs. 3 of 13 for OG nonconverted; p = 0.39). Regarding the oncological parameters (e.g. number of lymph nodes removed, distal and lateral margins) there was no difference between groups.
Conclusion
Obesity increases operative duration and conversion rate of rectal laparoscopic resection for cancer. Although obesity is associated with a worse preoperative evaluation, there is no increase in relevant morbidity and no impairment of oncological safety.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Emery C, Dinet J, Lafuma A, Sermet C, Khoshnood B, Fagnani F (2007) Cost of obesity in France. Presse Med 36:832–840
Fry J, Finley W (2005) The prevalence and costs of obesity in the EU. Proc Nutr Soc 64:359–362
Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Walker-Thurmond K, Thun MJ (2003) Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med 348:1625–1638
Hawn MT, Bian J, Leeth RR, Ritchie G, Allen N, Bland KI, Vickers SM (2005) Impact of obesity on resource utilization for general surgical procedures. Ann Surg 241:821–826
Dindo D, Muller MK, Weber M, Clavien PA (2003) Obesity in general elective surgery. Lancet 361:2032–2035
Benoist S, Panis Y, Alves A, Valleur P (2000) Impact of obesity on surgical outcomes after colorectal resection. Am J Surg 179:275–281
Gendall KA, Raniga S, Kennedy R, Frizelle FA (2007) The impact of obesity on outcome after major colorectal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 50:2223–2237
Lelong B, Bege T, Esterni B, Guiramand J, Turrini O, Moutardier V, Magnin V, Monges G, Pernoud N, Blache JL, Giovannini M, Delpero JR (2007) Short-term outcome after laparoscopic or open restorative mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: a comparative cohort study. Dis Colon Rectum 50:176–183
Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA (2004) Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg 240:205–213
Blee TH, Belzer GE, Lambert PJ (2002) Obesity: is there an increase in perioperative complications in those undergoing elective colon and rectal resection for carcinoma? Am Surg 68:163–166
Pikarsky AJ, Saida Y, Yamaguchi T, Martinez S, Chen W, Weiss EG, Nogueras JJ, Wexner SD (2002) Is obesity a high-risk factor for laparoscopic colorectal surgery? Surg Endosc 16:855–858
Schwandner O, Farke S, Schiedeck TH, Bruch HP (2004) Laparoscopic colorectal surgery in obese and nonobese patients: do differences in body mass indices lead to different outcomes? Surg Endosc 18:1452–1456
Leroy J, Ananian P, Rubino F, Claudon B, Mutter D, Marescaux J (2005) The impact of obesity on technical feasibility and postoperative outcomes of laparoscopic left colectomy. Ann Surg 241:69–76
Scheidbach H, Benedix F, Hügel O, Kose D, Köckerling F, Lippert H (2008) Laparoscopic approach to colorectal procedures in the obese patient: risk factor or benefit? Obes Surg 18:66–70
Delaney CP, Pokala N, Senagore AJ, Casillas S, Kiran RP, Brady KM, Fazio VW (2005) Is laparoscopic colectomy applicable to patients with body mass index >30? A case-matched comparative study with open colectomy. Dis Colon Rectum 48:975–981
Morino M, Parini U, Giraudo G, Salval M, Brachet Contul R, Garrone C (2003) Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision: a consecutive series of 100 patients. Ann Surg 237:335–342
Guillou PJ, Quirke P, Thorpe H, Walker J, Jayne DG, Smith AM, Heath RM, Brown JM; MRC CLASICC trial group (2005) Short-term endpoints of conventional versus laparoscopic-assisted surgery in patients with colorectal cancer (MRC CLASICC trial): multicentre, randomized controlled trial. Lancet 365:1718–1726
Jayne DG, Guillou PJ, Thorpe H, Quirke P, Copeland J, Smith AM, Heath RM, Brown JM, UK MRC CLASICC Trial Group (2007) Randomized trial of laparoscopic-assisted resection of colorectal carcinoma: 3-year results of the UK MRC CLASICC Trial Group. J Clin Oncol 25:3061–3068
Laurent C, Leblanc F, Bretagnol F, Capdepont M, Rullier E (2008) Long-term wound advantages of the laparoscopic approach in rectal cancer. Br J Surg 95:903–908
Thorpe H, Jayne DG, Guillou PJ, Quirke P, Copeland J, Brown JM, Medical Research Council Conventional versus Laparoscopic-Assisted Surgery In Colorectal Cancer Trial Group (2008) Patient factors influencing conversion from laparoscopically assisted to open surgery for colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 95:199–205
Agha A, Fürst A, Lesalnieks I, Fichtner-Feigl S, Ghali N, Krenz D, Anthuber M, Jauch KW, Piso P, Schlitt HJ (2008) Conversion rate in 300 laparoscopic rectal resections and its influence on morbidity and oncological outcome. Int J Colorectal Dis 23:409–417
Ishii Y, Hasegawa H, Nishibori H, Watanabe M, Kitajima M (2005) Impact of visceral obesity on surgical outcome after laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer. Br J Surg 92:1261–1262
Veenhof AA, Engel AF, van der Peet DL, Sietses C, Meijerink WJ, de Lange-de Klerk ES, Cuesta MA (2008) Technical difficulty grade score for the laparoscopic approach of rectal cancer: a single institution pilot study. Int J Colorectal Dis 23:469–475
Laurent C, Leblanc F, Gineste C, Saric J, Rullier E (2007) Laparoscopic approach in surgical treatment of rectal cancer. Br J Surg 94:1555–1561
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bège, T., Lelong, B., Francon, D. et al. Impact of obesity on short-term results of laparoscopic rectal cancer resection. Surg Endosc 23, 1460–1464 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-008-0266-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-008-0266-5