Abstract
Linear rankwidth is a linearized variant of rankwidth, introduced by Oum and Seymour (J Comb Theory Ser B 96(4):514–528, 2006). Motivated from recent development on graph modification problems regarding classes of graphs of bounded treewidth or pathwidth, we study the Linear Rankwidth-1 Vertex Deletion problem (shortly, LRW1-Vertex Deletion). In the LRW1-Vertex Deletion problem, given an n-vertex graph G and a positive integer k, we want to decide whether there is a set of at most k vertices whose removal turns G into a graph of linear rankwidth at most 1 and find such a vertex set if one exists. While the meta-theorem of Courcelle, Makowsky, and Rotics implies that LRW1-Vertex Deletion can be solved in time \(f(k)\cdot n^3\) for some function f, it is not clear whether this problem allows a running time with a modest exponential function. We first establish that LRW1-Vertex Deletion can be solved in time \(8^k\cdot n^{{\mathcal {O}}(1)}\). The major obstacle to this end is how to handle a long induced cycle as an obstruction. To fix this issue, we define necklace graphs and investigate their structural properties. Later, we reduce the polynomial factor by refining the trivial branching step based on a cliquewidth expression of a graph, and obtain an algorithm that runs in time \(2^{{\mathcal {O}}(k)}\cdot n^4\). We also prove that the running time cannot be improved to \(2^{o(k)}\cdot n^{{\mathcal {O}}(1)}\) under the Exponential Time Hypothesis assumption. Lastly, we show that the LRW1-Vertex Deletion problem admits a polynomial kernel.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adler, I., Farley, A.M., Proskurowski, A.: Obstructions for linear rank-width at most 1. Discrete Appl. Math. 168, 3–13 (2014)
Adler, I., Kanté, M.M., Kwon, O.: Linear rank-width of distance-hereditary graphs II. Vertex-minor obstructions. preprint (2015). arXiv:1508.04718
Adler, I., Kanté, M.M., Kwon, O.: Linear rank-width of distance-hereditary graphs I. A polynomial-time algorithm. Algorithmica (2016). doi:10.1007/s00453-016-0164-5
Bandelt, H.-J., Mulder, H.M.: Distance-hereditary graphs. J. Comb. Theory Ser. B 41(2), 182–208 (1986)
Bui-Xuan, B., Kanté, M.M., Limouzy, V.: A note on graphs of linear rank-width 1. preprint (2013). arXiv:1306.1345
Cai, L., Juedes, D.: On the existence of subexponential parameterized algorithms. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 67(4), 789–807 (2003). (Special issue on parameterized computation and complexity)
Cao, Y.: Unit interval editing is fixed-parameter tractable. In: Halldórsson, M.M., Iwama, K., Kobayashi, N., Speckmann, B. (eds.) Automata, Languages, and Programming. Part I, Volume 9134 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 306–317. Springer, Heidelberg (2015)
Cao, Y., Marx, D.: Interval deletion is fixed-parameter tractable. ACM Trans. Algorithms 11(3), Art. 21, 35 (2015)
Chvátal, V., Hammer, P.L.: Aggregation of inequalities in integer programming. In: Studies in Integer Programming, Annals of Discrete Mathematics (Proceedings Workshop, Bonn, 1975), vol. 1, pp. 145–162. North-Holland, Amsterdam (1977)
Courcelle, B.: The monadic second-order logic of graphs. I. Recognizable sets of finite graphs. Inf. Comput. 85(1), 12–75 (1990)
Courcelle, B., Kanté, M.M.: Graph operations characterizing rank-width. Discrete Appl. Math. 157(4), 627–640 (2009)
Courcelle, B., Makowsky, J.A., Rotics, U.: Linear time solvable optimization problems on graphs of bounded clique-width. Theory Comput. Syst. 33(2), 125–150 (2000)
Courcelle, B., Oum, S.: Vertex-minors, monadic second-order logic, and a conjecture by Seese. J. Comb. Theory Ser. B 97(1), 91–126 (2007)
Cunningham, W.H.: Decomposition of directed graphs. SIAM J. Algebraic Discrete Methods 3(2), 214–228 (1982)
Cygan, M., Pilipczuk, M., Pilipczuk, M., Wojtaszczyk, J.O.: An improved FPT algorithm and a quadratic kernel for pathwidth one vertex deletion. Algorithmica 64(1), 170–188 (2012)
Dahlhaus, E.: Parallel algorithms for hierarchical clustering and applications to split decomposition and parity graph recognition. J. Algorithms 36(2), 205–240 (2000)
Eiben, E., Ganian, R., Kwon, O.: A single-exponential fixed-parameter algorithm for distance-hereditary vertex deletion. In: Faliszewski, P., Muscholl, A., Niedermeier, R. (eds.) 41st International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science (MFCS 2016), Volume 58 of Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), pp. 1–34. Dagstuhl, Germany (2016)
Fomin, F.V., Lokshtanov, D., Misra, N., Saurabh, S.: Planar F-Deletion: approximation, kernelization and optimal FPT algorithms. In: 2012 IEEE 53rd Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science-FOCS 2012, pp. 470–479. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA (2012)
Fomin, F.V., Saurabh, S., Villanger, Y.: A polynomial kernel for proper interval vertex deletion. SIAM J. Discrete Math. 27(4), 1964–1976 (2013)
Frick, M., Grohe, M.: The complexity of first-order and monadic second-order logic revisited. Ann. Pure Appl. Logic 130(1–3), 3–31 (2004)
Ganian, R.: Thread graphs, linear rank-width and their algorithmic applications. In: Iliopoulos, C.S., Smyth, W.F. (eds.) Combinatorial Algorithms, Volume 6460 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 38–42. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Ganian, R., Hliněný, P.: On parse trees and Myhill-Nerode-type tools for handling graphs of bounded rank-width. Discrete Appl. Math. 158(7), 851–867 (2010)
Geelen, J., Gerards, B., Whittle, G.: On Rota’s conjecture and excluded minors containing large projective geometries. J. Comb. Theory Ser. B 96(3), 405–425 (2006)
Gioan, E., Paul, C.: Split decomposition and graph-labelled trees: characterizations and fully dynamic algorithms for totally decomposable graphs. Discrete Appl. Math. 160(6), 708–733 (2012)
Hall, R., Oxley, J., Semple, C.: The structure of 3-connected matroids of path width three. Eur. J. Comb. 28(3), 964–989 (2007)
Impagliazzo, R., Paturi, R., Zane, F.: Which problems have strongly exponential complexity? J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 63(4), 512–530 (2001). Special issue on FOCS 98. Palo Alto, CA
Jeong, J., Kim, E.J., Oum, S.: Constructive algorithm for path-width of matroids. In: Krauthgamer, R. (ed.) Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, SODA 2016, Arlington, VA, USA, January 10–12, 2016, pp. 1695–1704. SIAM (2016)
Jeong, J., Kwon, O., Oum, S.: Excluded vertex-minors for graphs of linear rank-width at most \(k\). Eur. J. Comb. 41, 242–257 (2014)
Kanté, M.M.: Well-quasi-ordering of matrices under Schur complement and applications to directed graphs. Eur. J. Comb. 33(8), 1820–1841 (2012)
Kanté, M.M., Kim, E.J., Kwon, O.-J., Paul, C.: An FPT algorithm and a polynomial kernel for linear rankwidth-1 vertex deletion. In: 10th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation, Volume-43 of LIPIcs. Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics, pp. 138–150. Schloss Dagstuhl. Leibniz-Zent. Inform., Wadern (2015)
Kashyap, N.: Matroid pathwidth and code trellis complexity. SIAM J. Discrete Math. 22(1), 256–272 (2008)
Kim, E.J., Langer, A., Paul, C., Reidl, F., Rossmanith, P., Sau, I., Sikdar, S.: Linear kernels and single-exponential algorithms via protrusion decompositions. ACM Trans. Algorithms 12(2), Art. 21, 41 (2016)
Koutsonas, A., Thilikos, D.M., Yamazaki, K.: Outerplanar obstructions for matroid pathwidth. Discrete Math. 315, 95–101 (2014)
Li, W., Yang, Y., Chen, J., Wang, J.: Further Kernelization of Proper Interval Vertex Deletion: New Observations and Refined Analysis. preprint (2016). arXiv:1606.01925
Oum, S.: Rank-width and vertex-minors. J. Comb. Theory Ser. B 95(1), 79–100 (2005)
Oum, S.: Approximating rank-width and clique-width quickly. ACM Trans. Algorithms 5(1), Art. 10, 20 (2008)
Oum, S., Seymour, P.: Approximating clique-width and branch-width. J. Comb. Theory Ser. B 96(4), 514–528 (2006)
Philip, G., Raman, V., Villanger, Y.: A quartic kernel for pathwidth-one vertex deletion. In: Thilikos, D. (ed.) Graph Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science, Volume 6410 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 196–207. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2010)
Robertson, N., Seymour, P.D.: Graph minors. XX. Wagner’s conjecture. J. Comb. Theory Ser. B 92(2), 325–357 (2004)
van Bevern, R., Komusiewicz, C., Moser, H., Niedermeier, R.: Measuring indifference: unit interval vertex deletion. In: Thilikos, D.M. (ed.) Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science, Volume 6410 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 232–243. Springer, Berlin (2010)
van’t Hof, P., Villanger, Y.: Proper interval vertex deletion. Algorithmica 65(4), 845–867 (2013)
Acknowledgments
O-joung Kwon would like to thank Sang-il Oum for suggesting the refined branching algorithm using cliquewidth.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
An extended abstract appeared in Proceedings of 10th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computations, 2015 [30].
O-joung Kwon: supported by ERC Starting Grant PARAMTIGHT (No. 280152). The work was partially done while at Department of Mathematical Sciences, KAIST, and supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (2011-0011653).
Christophe Paul: supported by the “Chercheur d’avenir – Languedoc-Roussillon” project KERNEL.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kanté, M.M., Kim, E.J., Kwon, Oj. et al. An FPT Algorithm and a Polynomial Kernel for Linear Rankwidth-1 Vertex Deletion. Algorithmica 79, 66–95 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-016-0230-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-016-0230-z