Zusammenfassung
Die institutionelle Krippenbetreuung für Kinder unter 3 Jahren (U3-Betreuung) wird aktuell öffentlich und politisch kontrovers diskutiert. Eine systematische Überprüfung des bisherigen empirischen Forschungsstandes zu diesem Thema ist noch ausstehend und soll mit diesem Artikel erbracht werden. Mit der Methode der Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Guidelines (PRISMA-Richtlinien) erfolgte eine systematische Literaturrecherche und -analyse empirischer Peer-reviewed-Studien, die die folgenden Einschlusskriterien erfüllten: 1) die untersuchte Stichprobe gehört dem Säuglings- und Kleinkindalter (zwischen 0 und 3 Jahren) an, 2) Untersuchungsschwerpunkt sind die Effekte der institutionellen Frühbetreuung auf die kindliche Entwicklung, 3) die Ergebnisse werden mit einer Kontrollgruppe verglichen sowie 4) Messungen wurden mit validierten Messmethoden vollzogen. Es wurden 28 Studien eingeschlossen, die die Auswirkungen der institutionellen U3-Betreuung auf die kognitive/sprachliche, emotionale Entwicklung/Bindung und das Sozialverhalten von Kindern untersuchten. Die Synthese der Ergebnisse ergab, dass der Bindungsstil von Kindern eher von der Familie geprägt wird, aber Sprache, Kognitionen und auch Sozialverhalten von Kindern in U3-Einrichtungen bei Stabilität der Betreuungskonstellation, gutem Betreuungsschlüssel und hoher Qualität der pädagogischen Arbeit positiv unterstützt werden können. Fazit: Auf der Grundlage der aktuellen empirischen Studien kann eine U3-Betreuung empfohlen werden, wenn sie den genannten Qualitätsmerkmalen entspricht.
Abstract
Institutional early childcare for children under 3 years is currently the subject of controversial public and political debate. A systematic review of the empirical research on this topic is still pending and is to be carried out with this article. Using the method of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines (PRISMA) a systematic literature search and analysis of empirical peer-reviewed studies was carried out, which fulfilled the following criteria: 1) the sample under investigation belonged to the infant and toddler age group (between 0–3 years), 2) the focus of the study was on the effects of institutional early care on child development, 3) results were compared with a control group and 4) measurements were performed with validated instruments. A total of 28 studies were included that investigated the effects of institutional early childcare on the cognitive/linguistic, emotional development/attachment and social behavior of children. The synthesis of the results showed that the attachment style of children is more influenced by the family but that language/cognition and also social behavior can be positively supported in early childcare institutions if the care constellation is stable, the care key is good and the pedagogical work is of high quality. Conclusion: on the basis of current empirical studies, early childcare can be recommended if it meets the abovementioned quality characteristics.
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J. Holl, T.Vidalón Blachowiak, J. Wiehmann und S. Taubner geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
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Holl, J., Vidalón Blachowiak, T., Wiehmann, J. et al. Die Folgen institutioneller Krippenbetreuung auf die kindliche Entwicklung – ein systematisches Review. Forum Psychoanal 36, 403–423 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00451-020-00416-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00451-020-00416-3