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Hypercapnia slows down proliferation and apoptosis of human bone marrow promyeloblasts

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Abstract

Stem cells are being applied in increasingly diverse fields of research and therapy; as such, growing and culturing them in scalable quantities would be a huge advantage for all concerned. Gas mixtures containing 5 % CO2 are a typical concentration for the in vitro culturing of cells. The effect of varying the CO2 concentration on promyeloblast KG-1a cells was investigated in this paper. KG-1a cells are characterized by high expression of CD34 surface antigen, which is an important clinical surface marker for human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) transplantation. KG-1a cells were cultured in three CO2 concentrations (1, 5 and 15 %). Cells were batch-cultured and analyzed daily for viability, size, morphology, proliferation, and apoptosis using flow cytometry. No considerable differences were noted in KG-1a cell morphological properties at all three CO2 levels as they retained their myeloblast appearance. Calculated population doubling time increased with an increase in CO2 concentration. Enhanced cell proliferation was seen in cells cultured in hypercapnic conditions, in contrast to significantly decreased proliferation in hypocapnic populations. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that apoptosis was significantly (p = 0.0032) delayed in hypercapnic cultures, in parallel to accelerated apoptosis in hypocapnic ones. These results, which to the best of our knowledge are novel, suggest that elevated levels of CO2 are favored for the enhanced proliferation of bone marrow (BM) progenitor cells such as HSCs.

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Acknowledgments

We are Grateful to the University of Sydney and the Bosch Institute for making available all essential amenities to carry out this study. We would like to thank Dr. Robert Nordon (UNSW, Sydney) for providing the KG-1a cells.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia

    Mouna Hamad & Ali Abbas

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia

    Mohammad R. Irhimeh

  3. Cell and Tissue Therapies WA, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia

    Mohammad R. Irhimeh

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  1. Mouna Hamad
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  2. Mohammad R. Irhimeh
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  3. Ali Abbas
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Correspondence to Ali Abbas.

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Hamad, M., Irhimeh, M.R. & Abbas, A. Hypercapnia slows down proliferation and apoptosis of human bone marrow promyeloblasts. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 39, 1465–1475 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-016-1624-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-016-1624-7

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