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The ~ AD 500–700 (Late Classic) El Astillero and El Pedregal volcanoes (Michoacán, Mexico): a new monogenetic cluster in the making?

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Abstract

The recent identification of Holocene volcanic clusters in small areas within the Michoacán Guanajuato Volcanic Field (MGVF) opens several questions regarding future volcanic hazard assessments in this region. Documenting vent alignments and eruption recurrence intervals within clusters will provide parameters necessary for making temporal and spatial hazard evaluations. Here, we present a possible new case of a small cluster consisting of only two monogenetic volcanoes, El Astillero and El Pedregal located in the ~ 4400-km2 Tancítaro-Nueva Italia region in the southwestern part of the MGVF, only 25 km to the south of Paricutin volcano. We determined from paleomagnetic and radiocarbon dating that El Astillero and El Pedregal most likely erupted one after the other between AD 500 and 700 (within the Late Classic period of Mesoamerican archeology). While the eruptions were likely separated by a short period of time, the exact length is difficult to ascertain. After the ~ 6 years of total estimated eruption duration of the two volcanoes, both together occupied an area of 14.7 km2 and emitted a dense rock equivalent (DRE) volume of magma of ~ 0.5 km3. Notable characteristics of the eruptions include a switch from the explosive activity exclusive of El Astillero (Strombolian) to effusive activity early after the initiation of the El Astillero eruption, a shift in the active vents, and a progressive change in the bulk magma composition from basaltic andesite to andesite throughout the duration of the eruption. This activity first formed the El Astillero scoria cone and tephra deposits followed by its lava field and ended with the emplacement of the El Pedregal viscous lavas. The discovery of pre-Hispanic pottery sherds and obsidian artifacts underneath the El Astillero tephra fallout unambiguously attests to human activities in the area before the eruption. Judging by their eruptive style, the eruptions probably had a limited impact on the small area affected and the surrounding human activities, but the hazard for this area remains since El Astillero and El Pedregal could represent the initial stages of a new cluster that is still in the making. If so, another eruption should be expected in this area again.

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Acknowledgments

Jorge Escalante supported rock magnetic measurements and Emilio Nava supported the functionality of the computer network in the paleomagnetic laboratory. Capitán Fernando Valencia is thanked for skillful and safe flights over the study area. Gregory Pereira (Sorbonne University, Paris) kindly provided advice in regard to archeological questions. The personnel of Protección Civil and Miguel Equihua (Desarrollo Rural y Ecología) of the municipality of Tancítaro are thanked for always being kind and helpful in coordinating fieldwork activities. Associate Editor Christopher Gregg and Executive Editor Andrew Harris are warmly thanked for comments, suggestions, and editorial handling; Karoly Nemeth and one anonymous reviewer are thankfully acknowledged for their constructive reviews, which led to great improvement of the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT-167231) and Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico (UNAM-DGAPA IN-103618) granted to C. Siebe. Patricia Larrea was supported by UNAM-DGAPA postdoctoral fellowship (2018-2019).

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  1. Department of Geology and Andean Geothermal Center of Excellence (CEGA), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Plaza Ercilla 803, Santiago, Chile

    Patricia Larrea

  2. Department of Geology & Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, 118 Shideler Hall, Oxford, 45056, OH, USA

    Patricia Larrea

  3. Departamento de Vulcanología, Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico

    Patricia Larrea & Claus Siebe

  4. Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla No. 3001, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico

    Erick Juárez-Arriaga, Héctor Ibarra & Harald Böhnel

  5. Facultad de Ingeniería, División de Ingeniería en Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico

    Sergio Salinas

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Larrea, P., Siebe, C., Juárez-Arriaga, E. et al. The ~ AD 500–700 (Late Classic) El Astillero and El Pedregal volcanoes (Michoacán, Mexico): a new monogenetic cluster in the making?. Bull Volcanol 81, 59 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-019-1318-5

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