Abstract
Plant-soil feedback (PSF) is a fundamental mechanism explaining plant community composition. Two-phase experiments, i.e., conditioning and feedback, represent a common methodology to study PSF. The duration of the conditioning phase varies among studies and the PSF observed is often explained by its biotic component. Little is known about the temporal variation of PSF and its abiotic component. As early life stages are crucial for plant establishment, we grew Rorippa austriaca in soil conditioned over 2, 4, 6 or 8 weeks by a conspecific or a co-occurring species, Agrostis capillaris. For each conditioning duration, we analysed the soil chemical properties and the direction and intensity of intra- or inter-specific feedbacks. With increasing duration, the negative intra- and inter-specific feedbacks became stronger and weaker, respectively. The inter-specific feedback was more negative than the intra-specific feedback at 2 weeks and this reversed thereafter. The Mg content decreased with conditioning duration whatever the conditioning species was. With increasing duration, conditioning by R. austriaca strongly decreased pH, while A. capillaris did not affect pH. The K and P contents were not affected by the conditioning duration and were higher in R. austriaca soil than in A. capillaris soil. Our results suggest that not only conditioning species but also duration of conditioning phase may affect the magnitude of PSF. The changes in soil chemical properties linked to the conditioning species or the conditioning phase duration may drive the feedbacks by affecting plant growth directly or via the interacting microbial communities.
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Acknowledgements
The study was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (project GAČR 16-09659S). It was also partly supported by RVO 67985939 and the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MŠMT). We thank the participants of PopEcol discussion group and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on previous versions of the manuscript.
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ZV, TD and ZM conceived and designed the experiments. ZV performed the experiments. CL, ZV, TD and ZM analysed the data. CL, TD and ZM wrote the manuscript. All authors provided advice and comments on the manuscript.
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Lepinay, C., Vondráková, Z., Dostálek, T. et al. Duration of the conditioning phase affects the results of plant-soil feedback experiments via soil chemical properties. Oecologia 186, 459–470 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-017-4033-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-017-4033-y