Abstract
Fasciolosis is an important zoonotic disease caused by the trematode Fasciola hepatica, and it causes great losses in bovine production. The anthelmintic resistance is a major problem in the control of fasciolosis. In this study, the F. hepatica egg development and hatching test (EDHT) was used for the evaluation of the ovicidal activity of commercial drugs, commonly used for treating infected cattle, which reflects F. hepatica anthelminthic resistance in infected bovines, according to recent literature. Bile samples from F. hepatica naturally parasitized cattle were obtained from slaughterhouses in the cities of Lages and Otacílio Costa, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The bile was washed, the eggs were recovered, quantified, and distributed in universal collectors, with a minimum of 1,000 eggs per vial. Four commercial drugs were used in this study, containing albendazole sulfoxide (ABDZ), closantel (CSTL), nitroxynil (NTXL), and triclabendazole with fenbendazole (TBZF). The drugs were diluted according to the manufacturer instructions. All drugs, and the respective control, were tested in triplicates, with the quantity of recovered eggs determining the number of drugs to be tested. The vials were incubated for 28 days at 27 °C, and the eggs were classified according to their degree of development under a stereomicroscope. In total, 121 egg samples were analyzed. Two samples were identified as resistant to TBZF. Undetermined resistance/susceptibility has been found in two isolates treated with ABDZ, one treated with NTXL and six treated with TBZF. CSTL did not present ovicidal activity and cannot be used in EDHT. This is the first time that commercial drugs were used in F. hepatica EDHT.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author, ALC.
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Funding
This work was funded by Foundation for Research and Innovation of the State of Santa Catarina (FAPESC, grant number 027/2020 − grant term 793/2021). The authors are thankful for the abattoirs that kindly provided the samples used in this investigation.
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ALC and ABM designed the study. PMA and JM collected the samples. PMA, LA, SGRM, FRL carried out the tests. PMA, LA, FRL and ALC wrote the main manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
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The protocols used in the present study were approved by the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals of the Agroveterinary Sciences Center (CEUA-CAV-UDESC), protocol number 6602070619.
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Chryssafidis, A.L., Arruda, P.M., Américo, L. et al. The Fasciola hepatica egg development and hatching test (EDHT) using commercial drugs: a simple protocol for tackling anthelminthic resistance and promoting cattle productivity. Parasitol Res 123, 70 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-023-08074-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-023-08074-0