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Individual variability in the nonlinear development of the corpus callosum during infancy and toddlerhood: a longitudinal MRI analysis

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Abstract

The human brain spends several years bootstrapping itself through intrinsic and extrinsic modulation, thus gradually developing both spatial organization and functions. Based on previous studies on developmental patterns and inter-individual variability of the corpus callosum (CC), we hypothesized that inherent variations of CC shape among infants emerge, depending on the position within the CC, along the developmental timeline. Here we used longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging data from infancy to toddlerhood and investigated the area, thickness, and shape of the midsagittal plane of the CC by applying multilevel modeling. The shape characteristics were extracted using the Procrustes method. We found nonlinearity, region-dependency, and inter-individual variability, as well as intra-individual consistencies, in CC development. Overall, the growth rate is faster in the first year than in the second year, and the trajectory differs between infants; the direction of CC formation in individual infants was determined within six months and maintained to two years. The anterior and posterior subregions increase in area and thickness faster than other subregions. Moreover, we clarified that the growth rate of the middle part of the CC is faster in the second year than in the first year in some individuals. Since the division of regions exhibiting different tendencies coincides with previously reported divisions based on the diameter of axons that make up the region, our results suggest that subregion-dependent individual variability occurs due to the increase in the diameter of the axon caliber, myelination partly due to experience and axon elimination during the early developmental period.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Michiko Matsumoto and Yoko Moriya for their technical support, and Kayo Sato, Tomoko Yoneyama, and Izumi Kishida for their administrative assistance. Data used in the preparation of this manuscript were obtained from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Data Archive (NDA). The NDA is a collaborative informatics system created by the National Institute of Health (NIH) to provide a national resource to support and accelerate research in mental health. Dataset identifier: 10. 15154/1524714. This manuscript reflects the views of the authors and may not reflect the opinions or views of the NIH or of those submitting original data to the NDA.

Funding

This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI [Grant Numbers JP16K21734, JP16H06525, JP20H03557, JP19KK0247].

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  1. Department of Language Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan

    Daisuke Tsuzuki & Fumitaka Homae

  2. Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan

    Daisuke Tsuzuki, Gentaro Taga & Hama Watanabe

  3. Research Center for Language, Brain and Genetics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan

    Fumitaka Homae

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  1. Daisuke Tsuzuki
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Correspondence to Daisuke Tsuzuki.

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Tsuzuki, D., Taga, G., Watanabe, H. et al. Individual variability in the nonlinear development of the corpus callosum during infancy and toddlerhood: a longitudinal MRI analysis. Brain Struct Funct 227, 1995–2013 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-022-02485-y

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