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Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of ankyrin-repeat gene family in maize

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Abstract

Members of the ankyrin repeats (ANK) gene family encode ANK domain that are common in diverse organisms and play important roles in cell growth and development, such as cell-cell signal transduction and cell cycle regulation. Recently, genome-wide identification and evolutionary analyses of the ANK gene family have been carried out in Arabidopsis and rice. However, little is known regarding the ANK genes in the entire maize genome. In this study, we described the identification and structural characterization of 71 ANK genes in maize (ZmANK). Then, comprehensive bioinformatics analyses of ZmANK genes family were performed including phylogenetic, domain and motif analysis, chromosomal localization, intron/exon structural patterns, gene duplications and expression profiling. Domain composition analyses showed that ZmANK genes formed ten subfamilies. Five tandem duplications and 14 segmental duplications were identified in ZmANK genes. Furthermore, we took comparative analysis of the total ANK gene family in Arabidopsis, rice and maize, ZmANKs were more closely paired with OsANKs than with AtANKs. At last, expression profile analyses were performed. Forty-one members of ZmANK genes held EST sequences records. Semi-quantitative expression and microarray data analysis of these 41 ZmANK genes demonstrated that ZmANK genes exhibit a various expression pattern, suggesting that functional diversification of ZmANK genes family. The results will present significant insights to explore ANK genes expression and function in future studies in maize.

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Acknowledgments

We extend our thanks to the reviewers for their careful reading and helpful comments on this manuscript. This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (11075001) and Scientific and Technological Research Plan of Anhui (1206c0805032, KJ2011A110).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China

    Haiyang Jiang, Qingqing Wu, Jing Jin, Lei Sheng, Hanwei Yan, Beijiu Cheng & Suwen Zhu

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  1. Haiyang Jiang
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  2. Qingqing Wu
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  3. Jing Jin
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  4. Lei Sheng
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  5. Hanwei Yan
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Correspondence to Haiyang Jiang or Suwen Zhu.

Additional information

Communicated by: Sureshkumar Balasubramanian

H. Jiang and Q. Wu contributed equally to this work

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Table S1

The primers list used in the semi-quantitative RT-PCR (DOC 65 kb)

Table S2

The expression fold change of 41 genes compared with the control by microarray analysis (XLS 12 kb)

Fig. S1

Distribution of conserved motifs in the ZmANK genes family. The name of each member on the left, while a scale bar at the bottom indicates the length of each motif. Different motifs are indicated with boxes of different colors numbered 1 to 20. The length and order of motifs represent the actual situation in each protein. Detailed information on the 20 motifs is given in Table 3 (JPEG 2.41 mb)

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Jiang, H., Wu, Q., Jin, J. et al. Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of ankyrin-repeat gene family in maize. Dev Genes Evol 223, 303–318 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00427-013-0447-7

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