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Molecular control of serial module formation along the apical–basal axis in the sponge Lubomirskia baicalensis: silicateins, mannose-binding lectin and mago nashi

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Abstract

The freshwater sponge Lubomirskia baicalensis (from Lake Baikal) is characterized by a body plan composed of serial modules which are arranged along an apical–basal axis. In shallow water, the sponge occurs only encrusting, while in deeper environment (>3 m), this species forms branches and grows in an arborescent manner. Each module is stabilized by bundles of spined oxeas (amphioxeae spicules). The spicules are surrounded by an organic matrix. cDNAs for structural proteins (silicatein and mannose-binding lectin (MBL)) as well as for one regulatory protein (mago nashi) were isolated from L. baicalensis. Surprisingly the silicatein α molecule exists in several, at least four, isoforms (a1 to a4). Expression studies revealed that the steady-state levels of transcripts for the silicateins, the mannose-binding lectin, and mago nashi are highest at the top of the branches, while only very low levels are found in cells at the base. Based on in situ hybridization studies, evidence is presented that the spicule formation (1) starts and is completed inside of the bundles, and (2) occurs together with the mannose-binding lectin from the surfaces of the bundles. The data suggest that the modules are sequentially formed. It is speculated that the expression of the silicateins and the mannose-binding lectin might be (partially) controlled by mago nashi.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Germany [project: Center of Excellence BIOTECmarin], the International Human Frontier Science Program, the WTZ Germany–Russia (German–Russian cooperation through the BMBF), and a grant from the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Science (no. 25.5) and from RFBR (no. 03-04-4985).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Universität, Duesbergweg 6, D-55099, Mainz, Germany

    Matthias Wiens, Oxana V. Kaluzhnaya, Anatoli Krasko, Heinz C. Schröder, Sanja Perovic-Ottstadt & Werner E. G. Müller

  2. Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya 3, RUS-664033, Irkutsk, Russia

    Sergey I. Belikov, Oxana V. Kaluzhnaya & Werner E. G. Müller

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  1. Matthias Wiens
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  2. Sergey I. Belikov
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  3. Oxana V. Kaluzhnaya
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  4. Anatoli Krasko
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  5. Heinz C. Schröder
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  6. Sanja Perovic-Ottstadt
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  7. Werner E. G. Müller
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Correspondence to Werner E. G. Müller.

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Communicated by D.A. Weisblat

The sequences from Lubomirskia baicalensis have been deposited (EMBL/GenBank): the cDNA for silicatein-a2 (LBSILICAa2, accession number AJ968945), silicatein-a3 (LBSILICAa3, AJ968946), silicatein-a4 (LBSILICAa4, AJ968947), cathepsin L2 (LBCATL2, AJ968949), mannose-binding lectin (LBMBL, AJ968948), mago nashi (LBMAGNA, AJ968950), and α-tubulin (LBTUB, AJ971711). The sequences for cathepsin L from Aphrocallistes vastus (AVCATL, AJ968951), Geodia cydonium (CATL_GEOCY, Y10527), and mago nashi from Suberites domuncula were also deposited AM086401

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Wiens, M., Belikov, S.I., Kaluzhnaya, O.V. et al. Molecular control of serial module formation along the apical–basal axis in the sponge Lubomirskia baicalensis: silicateins, mannose-binding lectin and mago nashi. Dev Genes Evol 216, 229–242 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00427-005-0047-2

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