Abstract
Main conclusion
The role of transporters in subcellular metal transport is of great significance for plants in coping with heavy metal stress and maintaining their proper growth and development.
Abstract
Heavy metal toxicity is a serious long-term threat to plant growth and agricultural production, becoming a global environmental concern. Excessive heavy metal accumulation not only damages the biochemical and physiological functions of plants but also causes chronic health hazard to human beings through the food chain. To deal with heavy metal stress, plants have evolved a series of elaborate mechanisms, especially a variety of spatially distributed transporters, to strictly regulate heavy metal uptake and distribution. Deciphering the subcellular role of transporter proteins in controlling metal absorption, transport and separation is of great significance for understanding how plants cope with heavy metal stress and improving their adaptability to environmental changes. Hence, we herein introduce the detrimental effects of excessive common essential and non-essential heavy metals on plant growth, and describe the structural and functional characteristics of transporter family members, with a particular emphasis on their roles in maintaining heavy metal homeostasis in various organelles. Besides, we discuss the potential of controlling transporter gene expression by transgenic approaches in response to heavy metal stress. This review will be valuable to researchers and breeders for enhancing plant tolerance to heavy metal contamination.
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Abbreviations
- HM:
-
Heavy metal
- Zn:
-
Zinc
- Mn:
-
Manganese
- Cd:
-
Cadmium
- Fe:
-
Iron
- Ni:
-
Nickel
- Cu:
-
Copper
- Hg:
-
Mercury
- Pb:
-
Lead
- Co:
-
Cobalt
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- MTP:
-
Metal tolerant protein
- NRAMP:
-
Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein
- HMA:
-
Heavy metal ATPase
- ZIP:
-
Zinc-regulated, iron-regulated transporter-like protein
- VIT:
-
Vacuolar iron transporter
- YSL:
-
Yellow tripe-like
- CDF:
-
Cationic diffusion facilitator
- TMD:
-
Transmembrane domain
- APC:
-
Amino acid-polyamine-organocation
- NBD:
-
Nucleotide-binding domain
- IRT:
-
Iron-regulated transporter
- MBD:
-
Metal binding domain
- H:
-
Helices
- VTL:
-
Vacuolar iron transporter-like
- NA:
-
Nicotianamine
- PS:
-
Phytosiderophore
- ZAT:
-
Zinc transporter of Arabidopsis
- RNAi:
-
RNA interference
- PC:
-
Phytochelatins
- ECF:
-
Energy-coupling factor
- IMM:
-
Inner membrane
- OMM:
-
Outer membrane
- MCF:
-
Mitochondrial carrier family
- MIT:
-
Mitochondrial iron transporter
- ATM:
-
ABC transporters of mitochondria
- DMA:
-
Deoxymugineic acid
- TGN:
-
Trans-Golgi network
- dsRNA:
-
Double-stranded RNA
- siRNA:
-
Small interfering RNA
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This work was supported by Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. SJCX22_1553).
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Chen, X., Zhao, Y., Zhong, Y. et al. Deciphering the functional roles of transporter proteins in subcellular metal transportation of plants. Planta 258, 17 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-023-04170-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-023-04170-8