Abstract
Main conclusion
Precise genome engineering approaches could be perceived as a second paradigm for targeted trait improvement in crop plants, with the potential to overcome the constraints imposed by conventional CRISPR/Cas technology.
Abstract
The likelihood of reduced agricultural production due to highly turbulent climatic conditions increases as the global population expands. The second paradigm of stress-resilient crops with enhanced tolerance and increased productivity against various stresses is paramount to support global production and consumption equilibrium. Although traditional breeding approaches have substantially increased crop production and yield, effective strategies are anticipated to restore crop productivity even further in meeting the world’s increasing food demands. CRISPR/Cas, which originated in prokaryotes, has surfaced as a coveted genome editing tool in recent decades, reshaping plant molecular biology in unprecedented ways and paving the way for engineering stress-tolerant crops. CRISPR/Cas is distinguished by its efficiency, high target specificity, and modularity, enables precise genetic modification of crop plants, allowing for the creation of allelic variations in the germplasm and the development of novel and more productive agricultural practices. Additionally, a slew of advanced biotechnologies premised on the CRISPR/Cas methodologies have augmented fundamental research and plant synthetic biology toolkits. Here, we describe gene editing tools, including CRISPR/Cas and its imitative tools, such as base and prime editing, multiplex genome editing, chromosome engineering followed by their implications in crop genetic improvement. Further, we comprehensively discuss the latest developments of CRISPR/Cas technology including CRISPR-mediated gene drive, tissue-specific genome editing, dCas9 mediated epigenetic modification and programmed self-elimination of transgenes in plants. Finally, we highlight the applicability and scope of advanced CRISPR-based techniques in crop genetic improvement.
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Data availability
Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.
Abbreviations
- CRISPR/Cas9:
-
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR associated protein 9
- gRNA:
-
Guide RNA
- ZFNs:
-
Zinc finger nucleases
- TALENs:
-
Transcription activator like effector nucleases
- PAM:
-
Protospacer adjacent motif
- DSBs:
-
Double stranded breaks
- Cpf1:
-
CRISPR from Prevotella and Francisella 1
- HDR:
-
Homology directed repair
- NHEJ:
-
Non homologous end joining
- crRNA:
-
CRISPR RNA
- tracrRNA:
-
Trans-activating crRNA
- DSBs:
-
Double-stranded breaks
- InDels:
-
Insertion and deletions
- UDG:
-
Uridine DNA glycosylase
- CBE:
-
Cytosine base editor
- ABE:
-
Adenine base editor
- ecTadA:
-
Escherichia coli TRNA-specific adenosine deaminase
- UGI:
-
UDG inhibitor
- AP site:
-
Apyrimidinic site
- pegRNA:
-
Prime editing guide RNA
- MMLV:
-
Moloney murine leukemia virus
- ngRNA:
-
Nicked guide RNA
- PBS:
-
Primer binding site
- dCas9:
-
Nuclease-dead Cas9
- S gene:
-
Susceptibility gene
- ALS:
-
Acetolactate synthase
- nif :
-
Nitrogen fixation genes
- CRISPR-TSKO:
-
CRISPR/Cas mediated tissue-specific knockout
- DMC1:
-
Disruption of meiotic control 1
- EC promoter:
-
Egg cell-specific promoter
- CMS:
-
Cytoplasmic male sterility
- RNP complex:
-
Ribonucleoprotein complex
- CRISPRa:
-
CRISPR activation
- CRISPRi:
-
CRISPR interference
- TFs:
-
Transcription factors
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Director, CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat for providing the facilities. CC acknowledges the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India for financial assistance through Focused Basic Research grant (MLP-0007). This study was partially supported by Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for the core research grant (CRG) File No. CRG/2019/004305.
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Das, D., Singha, D.L., Paswan, R.R. et al. Recent advancements in CRISPR/Cas technology for accelerated crop improvement. Planta 255, 109 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-03894-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-03894-3