Abstract
Main conclusion
The in vitro application of rhizosphere microorganisms led to a higher rooting percentage in Pyrus Py12 rootstocks and increased plant growth of Pyrus Py170 and Prunus RP-20.
Abstract
The rooting of fruit tree rootstocks is the most challenging step of the in vitro propagation process. The use of rhizosphere microorganisms to promote in vitro rooting and plant growth as an alternative to the addition of chemical hormones to culture media is proposed in the present study. Explants from two Pyrus (Py170 and Py12) rootstocks and the Prunus RP-20 rootstock were inoculated with Pseudomonas oryzihabitans PGP01, Cladosporium ramotenellum PGP02 and Phoma sp. PGP03 following two different methods to determine their effects on in vitro rooting and plantlet growth. The effects of the microorganisms on the growth of fully developed Py170 and RP-20 plantlets were also studied in vitro. All experiments were conducted using vermiculite to simulate a soil system in vitro. When applied to Py12 shoots, which is a hard-to-root plant material, both C. ramotenellum PGP02 and Phoma sp. PGP03 fungi were able to increase the rooting percentage from 56.25% to 100% following auxin indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) treatment. Thus, the presence of these microorganisms clearly improved root development, inducing a higher number of roots and causing shorter roots. Better overall growth and improved stem growth of treated plants was observed when auxin treatment was replaced by co-culture with microorganisms. A root growth-promoting effect was observed on RP-20 plantlets after inoculation with C. ramotenellum PGP02, while P. oryzihabitans PGP01 increased root numbers for both Py170 and RP-20 and increased root growth over stem growth for RP-20. It was also shown that the three microorganisms P. oryzihabitans PGP01, C. ramotenellum PGP02 and Phoma sp. PGP03 were able to naturally produce auxin, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), at different levels. Overall, our results demonstrate that the microorganisms P. oryzihabitans PGP01 and C. ramotenellum PGP02 had beneficial effects on in vitro rooting and plantlet growth and could be applied to in vitro tissue culture as a substitute for IBA.
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Abbreviations
- IBA:
-
Indole-3-butyric acid
- PDB:
-
Potato dextrose broth
- PGPMs:
-
Plant growth-promoting microorganisms
- REM:
-
Root elongation media
- REM-V:
-
Root elongation media with vermiculite
- RIM:
-
Root induction media
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to express their gratitude to the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya, IRTA and the AGRIMAX Project (BBI-IA-DEMO-720719) for the funding of the present study. We also thank the government of Catalonia and the European Social Fund (ESF) “ESF invest in your future” for Ph.D. grant 2018FI_B00641 (Cantabella, D.) and Cristina Solsona, Cèlia Bosch and Sandra Franquesa for their technical support.
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DC, NT and RDS contributed to the design of the study. All the experiments, as well as the data collection, were conducted by DC, MC, and GS. The data analysis and interpretation were performed by DC, NT, RT, and RDS. The writing and revision of the manuscript were performed by DC, NT, RT, and RDS. All the authors have read the article and made critical contributions to improve the quality of the manuscript.
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Communicated by Dorothea Bartels.
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Cantabella, D., Teixidó, N., Segarra, G. et al. Rhizosphere microorganisms enhance in vitro root and plantlet development of Pyrus and Prunus rootstocks. Planta 253, 78 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-021-03595-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-021-03595-3