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UDP-sugar biosynthetic pathway: contribution to cyanidin 3-galactoside biosynthesis in apple skin

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Abstract

UDP-galactose:flavonoid 3-O-galactosyltransferase (UFGalT) is responsible for cyanidin 3-galactoside (cy3-gal) synthesis from cyanidin (cy) and UDP-galactose (UDP-gal) which are, respectively, catalyzed by anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) and UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (UGE). To clarify the contribution of UDP-galactose pathway to cy3-gal accumulation in apple skin, we analyzed the contents of UDP-gal and UDP-glucose (UDP-glu), cy, and, cy3-gal contents along with UGE activity. We confirmed that transcript levels for apple ANS and UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) coincided with anthocyanin accumulation in three apple cultivars differing in their skin colors. During fruit development, changes in level of cy coincided with that of cy3-gal, whereas UDP-gal and UGE activity showed no similar trend with cy3-gal. Significant correlation was not observed between the changes in UGE activity and UDP-sugar contents. The effect of temperature and UV-B radiation (different environmental conditions) on the accumulation of UDP-sugars, cy and cy3-gal, and UGE activity were also investigated in a pale-red cultivar. High temperature tended to depress the accumulation of both UDP-sugars and cy concomitant with the decrease in cy3-gal content irrespective of UV-B radiation. Although there was no high inhibition of both cy and UDP-sugars at low-temperature without UV-B, cy3-gal accumulation was highly depressed. UGE activity was highest at low temperature with UV-B, but not much different under other conditions. Most of the parameters under different environmental conditions were significantly correlated with each other. Based on these results, contribution of UDP-sugar biosynthetic pathway to anthocyanin biosynthesis under different environmental conditions as well as during fruit development is discussed.

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Abbreviations

Cy:

Cyanidin

Cy3-gal:

Cyanidin 3-galactoside

DAFB:

Days after full bloom

UDP-gal:

UDP-galactose

UDP-glu:

UDP-glucose

UV:

Ultraviolet

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan

    Yusuke Ban & Takaya Moriguchi

  2. National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8605, Japan

    Yusuke Ban, Benjamin Ewa Ubi & Takaya Moriguchi

  3. Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan

    Satoru Kondo

  4. Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria

    Benjamin Ewa Ubi

  5. National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Morioka, Iwate, 020-0123, Japan

    Chikako Honda & Hideo Bessho

Authors
  1. Yusuke Ban
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  2. Satoru Kondo
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  3. Benjamin Ewa Ubi
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  4. Chikako Honda
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  5. Hideo Bessho
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  6. Takaya Moriguchi
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Correspondence to Takaya Moriguchi.

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Ban, Y., Kondo, S., Ubi, B.E. et al. UDP-sugar biosynthetic pathway: contribution to cyanidin 3-galactoside biosynthesis in apple skin. Planta 230, 871–881 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-009-0993-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-009-0993-4

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