Abstract
Purpose
Diaphragmatic herniation (DH) is a rare but potentially fatal event after total gastrectomy (TG). Despite being life-threatening, risk factors for postoperative DH have yet to be elucidated. We conducted a retrospective analysis to identify clinical characteristics of patients developing DH after TG, along with a comprehensive review of the published literature.
Methods
Among 1361 consecutive patients undergoing TG for esophagogastric cancer between 1985 and 2013 in Toranomon Hospital, those requiring surgical intervention for postoperative DH were included. We also conducted a PubMed literature search on DH following TG.
Results
Five patients (four males, one female), with a median age of 68 at DH surgery, were identified. Intervals between TG and DH repair ranged from 2.9 to 189.0 (median, 78.1) months. Four patients had needed emergency surgery. Three patients had undergone open TG and two others laparoscopic TG, suggesting a significantly higher incidence of DH after laparoscopic TG (3/1302 vs. 2/59, p = 0.017). The diaphragmatic crus incision, creating the space for esophagojejunostomy, had been performed in all cases. The literature yielded seven relevant publications (16 patients). Intervals between TG and DH reduction ranged from 2 days to 36 months. All operations for DH had been carried out emergently.
Conclusion
The risk of DH persisted after TG. DH is potentially a very late complication of TG, presenting as a surgical emergency. Laparoscopic TG was suggested to be a risk factor for postgastrectomy DH. Incising the crus might also be a predictor of DH. Measures to prevent DH, e.g., appropriate closure of the crus, would be recommended in minimally invasive TG.
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M. Urabe and S. Haruta participated in study conception and design, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, and drafting of manuscript; Y. Ohkura participated in acquisition data, analysis and interpretation of data, and drafting of manuscript; and M. Ueno and H. Udagawa participated in acquisition of data, drafting of manuscript, and critical revision of manuscript.
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The institutional review board of Toranomon Hospital approved the research protocol.
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Urabe, M., Haruta, S., Ohkura, Y. et al. Diaphragmatic herniation following total gastrectomy: review of the long-term experience of a tertiary institution . Langenbecks Arch Surg 404, 993–998 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-019-01842-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-019-01842-6